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在我國(guo)，90%的(de)(de)(de)300米以上摩天大樓、3/4的(de)(de)(de)重點機場、3/4的(de)(de)(de)衛星發射基地、1/3的(de)(de)(de)城市(shi)綜合管廊(lang)、1/2的(de)(de)(de)核電站是由中國(guo)建筑(zhu)投資建設(she)，而你可(ke)能(neng)不(bu)知道的(de)(de)(de)是，近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)中國(guo)建筑(zhu)已從陸上發展到深海。2017年(nian)底，洋山(shan)深水港(gang)四(si)期工程(cheng)即(ji)將開港(gang)試運行，屆時擁有7個大型深水泊位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)洋山(shan)港(gang)四(si)期將成為(wei)世界最大的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動化集裝箱碼頭。

洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)深(shen)水港(gang)(gang)(gang)是(shi)世界(jie)最大的(de)海(hai)(hai)島型(xing)人工深(shen)水港(gang)(gang)(gang)，也(ye)是(shi)建設(she)上海(hai)(hai)國際航運中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)戰略和樞紐型(xing)工程(cheng)。洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)港(gang)(gang)(gang)全(quan)面(mian)建成后，將助推(tui)上海(hai)(hai)港(gang)(gang)(gang)年(nian)集裝箱(xiang)吞(tun)吐量(liang)突破4000萬TEU（標準箱(xiang)），這個(ge)數字(zi)超過了美(mei)國九大港(gang)(gang)(gang)口(kou)的(de)吞(tun)吐總(zong)量(liang)，也(ye)是(shi)目前全(quan)球(qiu)港(gang)(gang)(gang)口(kou)年(nian)吞(tun)吐量(liang)的(de)十分之一。從2002年(nian)6月(yue)26日中(zhong)(zhong)國建筑工程(cheng)總(zong)公司旗下的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)建港(gang)(gang)(gang)務在(zai)洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)深(shen)水港(gang)(gang)(gang)區一期C標碼頭打下第一根樁(zhuang)開(kai)始，經過十五(wu)年(nian)的(de)建設(she)歷程(cheng)，把(ba)一個(ge)僅(jin)有3000原住(zhu)漁民的(de)孤島小(xiao)漁村，變成了一片總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)相(xiang)當于1000多個(ge)足球(qiu)場(chang)大小(xiao)的(de)現代化(hua)深(shen)水港(gang)(gang)(gang)新(xin)“桑田”，譜寫(xie)出一幅壯美(mei)的(de)現代版(ban)“精衛(wei)填海(hai)(hai)”歷史新(xin)長(chang)卷。

“精衛填海”，筑就世界第一深水大港

開工以前的(de)(de)(de)洋(yang)山深(shen)水港(gang)(gang)，是距離上海(hai)(hai)30公(gong)里(li)互不相鄰的(de)(de)(de)10余(yu)個小海(hai)(hai)島(dao)，之間(jian)海(hai)(hai)溝(gou)(gou)深(shen)度(du)最深(shen)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)30米(mi)。如今15年過(guo)(guo)(guo)去，海(hai)(hai)溝(gou)(gou)已經(jing)填(tian)(tian)平，海(hai)(hai)島(dao)連在(zai)一起，形成了陸域面(mian)積(ji)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)8平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代洋(yang)山深(shen)水港(gang)(gang)區，與大陸通過(guo)(guo)(guo)東海(hai)(hai)大橋連接。據(ju)不完(wan)全統計，為了填(tian)(tian)平這些海(hai)(hai)溝(gou)(gou)，洋(yang)山砂(sha)(sha)石拋填(tian)(tian)總量超(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)1億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)，相當于在(zai)平均水深(shen)20多米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)島(dao)嶼之間(jian)，在(zai)1000多個足球場的(de)(de)(de)范圍內，將砂(sha)(sha)石堆到(dao)七層樓的(de)(de)(de)高度(du)。

建設前的小洋山

洋山港一二三期

洋山港(gang)(gang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)從(cong)2002年(nian)(nian)開工(gong)建(jian)(jian)設，一至三(san)期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)現已完工(gong)，共有16個7萬(wan)-15萬(wan)噸級深水集(ji)(ji)裝箱泊位(wei)。中建(jian)(jian)港(gang)(gang)務和兄弟單位(wei)一起，累(lei)計建(jian)(jian)成集(ji)(ji)裝箱深水港(gang)(gang)碼(ma)頭岸線5.6公(gong)里、集(ji)(ji)裝箱堆場(chang)8平方(fang)公(gong)里，釋放出(chu)年(nian)(nian)集(ji)(ji)裝箱吞吐量超過1500萬(wan)TEU的生產能力(li)，為上海港(gang)(gang)連續多年(nian)(nian)雄踞全球集(ji)(ji)裝箱第(di)一大港(gang)(gang)提供了最為堅定的支撐。

即將收尾的洋(yang)山(shan)港(gang)(gang)四期工(gong)(gong)程，碼(ma)頭岸線長(chang)2350米(mi)，陸(lu)域總(zong)面(mian)積223.16萬平(ping)方米(mi)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)7個大型深水(shui)泊位。中建(jian)(jian)港(gang)(gang)務的主要(yao)建(jian)(jian)設(she)內(nei)容(rong)包括：水(shui)工(gong)(gong)碼(ma)頭、工(gong)(gong)作船碼(ma)頭、地(di)基(ji)加固、道路(lu)堆場以及綜合(he)辦公樓建(jian)(jian)設(she)，工(gong)(gong)程量達到(dao)洋(yang)山(shan)四期全(quan)部土建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)程總(zong)量的75%。建(jian)(jian)設(she)洋(yang)山(shan)港(gang)(gang)的15年(nian)間，中建(jian)(jian)港(gang)(gang)務在小洋(yang)山(shan)海域的狂風(feng)巨浪中，累計成(cheng)功沉樁7147根，首尾相接長(chang)度超過443114延(yan)長(chang)米(mi)，排(pai)在地(di)表約等于(yu)上海到(dao)合(he)肥的陸(lu)路(lu)距離。

自動化的洋山港四期工程

“群鴻戲海”，領跑水工工程建設新標準

架高100米打樁船“中建樁7”打樁現場

洋(yang)山(shan)港(gang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設至今(jin)，中(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)港(gang)務(wu)洋(yang)山(shan)項目(mu)總(zong)部(bu)(bu)致力于打造(zao)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設新高程(cheng)(cheng)，3項施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法獲評國(guo)家一(yi)級(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法，6項施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法被評為交通(tong)(tong)部(bu)(bu)水(shui)(shui)運工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)級(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法。洋(yang)山(shan)四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)，洋(yang)山(shan)項目(mu)總(zong)部(bu)(bu)編(bian)制和實(shi)施的《洋(yang)山(shan)四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)CI標準(zhun)化手冊》，在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑所屬(shu)系統率先(xian)確立水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)CI標準(zhun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設典范(fan)。2016年(nian)，在(zai)交通(tong)(tong)運輸部(bu)(bu)質監局(ju)、上(shang)(shang)海市交通(tong)(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質監站指導下，項目(mu)部(bu)(bu)率先(xian)在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)界開展《水(shui)(shui)運工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標準(zhun)化建(jian)(jian)(jian)設》試點，編(bian)制實(shi)施《水(shui)(shui)運工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標準(zhun)化建(jian)(jian)(jian)設指南實(shi)施方案》。2016年(nian)9月28日，交通(tong)(tong)部(bu)(bu)百人(ren)專家團到(dao)現場觀摩(mo)，對洋(yang)山(shan)四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的建(jian)(jian)(jian)設細(xi)節、質量(liang)(liang)安(an)全和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝標準(zhun)化等內(nei)(nei)容進(jin)行深入探討，一(yi)致給予(yu)高度評價(jia)。中(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)港(gang)務(wu)參與編(bian)制的《上(shang)(shang)海國(guo)際航運中(zhong)(zhong)心洋(yang)山(shan)深水(shui)(shui)港(gang)區四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)U型槽軌枕道砟基礎(chu)及軌道安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)檢(jian)驗標準(zhun)（試行）》，正(zheng)進(jin)入交通(tong)(tong)部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)級(ji)標準(zhun)審核流程(cheng)(cheng)。 

“金翅擘海”，智造技術領先新港區

起重船正在安裝洋山四期工作船碼頭首個沉箱

15年的(de)(de)洋山建設(she)史，是一部中(zhong)(zhong)建港(gang)務洋山人(ren)的(de)(de)科(ke)技創新(xin)奮斗(dou)史。面對第(di)一次施(shi)打(da)大(da)口徑密排鋼(gang)管樁，第(di)一次施(shi)工(gong)海上大(da)體積高(gao)性(xing)能混凝土，第(di)一次自主制造(zao)大(da)口徑高(gao)標準螺(luo)旋鋼(gang)管樁，第(di)一次見(jian)識水(shui)下(xia)陽極塊，第(di)一次實施(shi)深海地(di)基加固(gu)，第(di)一次施(shi)工(gong)水(shui)下(xia)倒濾層……中(zhong)(zhong)建港(gang)務在(zai)眾多參建隊伍中(zhong)(zhong)第(di)一個獲得(de)國家發明和實用新(xin)型專利，完(wan)成水(shui)工(gong)碼頭、地(di)基加固(gu)、道堆施(shi)工(gong)多項技術(shu)總(zong)結(jie)，為企(qi)業核心(xin)競(jing)爭力的(de)(de)提升集聚了大(da)量的(de)(de)寶貴財(cai)富。

在對(dui)吹砂堆積區域進行(xing)(xing)振(zhen)沖加(jia)(jia)固時(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建港務的振(zhen)沖裝置要深(shen)入到(dao)地表以下(xia)20多(duo)米進行(xing)(xing)振(zhen)沖，整個振(zhen)沖過程都是在監(jian)(jian)管人員目(mu)光無法(fa)觸及的“黑(hei)箱”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進行(xing)(xing)的，洋山項目(mu)部(bu)自主開發(fa)出“自動監(jian)(jian)控(kong)下(xia)深(shen)層粉細(xi)砂地基(ji)振(zhen)沖施(shi)(shi)工(gong)”工(gong)法(fa)。在對(dui)洋山原始(shi)地貌中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的淤泥地區進行(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)固時(shi)，項目(mu)部(bu)又開發(fa)出“自動監(jian)(jian)控(kong)條件下(xia)具有(you)穩帶(dai)技術的塑(su)料排(pai)水板施(shi)(shi)工(gong)”工(gong)法(fa)。最后，他們又將自動監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系統應用到(dao)碎(sui)石回填區域加(jia)(jia)固施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，開發(fa)出“利用自動監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系統進行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)控(kong)制的強夯(hang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)”工(gong)法(fa)。至(zhi)此，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建港務將洋山地基(ji)加(jia)(jia)固領域中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三大常用工(gong)藝全(quan)部(bu)實現了施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)的自動化。

經過(guo)15年(nian)的創新，中國(guo)建(jian)筑洋山(shan)港項目獲得1項全(quan)國(guo)科技進(jin)步二等(deng)獎，1項上海市科技進(jin)步一等(deng)獎，4項發(fa)明(ming)專利，9項實用新型專利，5項全(quan)國(guo)發(fa)明(ming)展(zhan)覽會金獎、銀獎。 

精彩不止洋山港

洋山青年突擊隊

除(chu)洋(yang)山港(gang)(gang)項(xiang)目外，中(zhong)國建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)在海外水工(gong)市場也收(shou)獲了大(da)量訂單。今年5月24日，由中(zhong)國建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)承建(jian)(jian)，中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)港(gang)(gang)務和(he)中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)八局負責具體實施的(de)(de)非洲吉(ji)布(bu)提(ti)多哈(ha)雷多功能(neng)港(gang)(gang)口(kou)(一(yi)期)舉行開港(gang)(gang)儀式。吉(ji)布(bu)提(ti)多哈(ha)雷港(gang)(gang)設計吞吐(tu)能(neng)力為20萬標準箱，合同(tong)金(jin)額(e)為4.217億(yi)美元，是(shi)中(zhong)資建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)企(qi)業(ye)迄今為止(zhi)在東北非地(di)區承接的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)規模港(gang)(gang)口(kou)項(xiang)目，是(shi)中(zhong)國建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)目前完成的(de)(de)海外最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)水工(gong)項(xiang)目。吉(ji)布(bu)提(ti)地(di)處(chu)亞(ya)非歐(ou)十字(zi)路(lu)口(kou)，是(shi)國際主(zhu)航(hang)線必經之地(di)，也是(shi)一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)上重要的(de)(de)銜接點。

不論是陸上(shang)(shang)還是海上(shang)(shang)，中國(guo)(guo)建筑都以一(yi)貫的工程質量廣受好(hao)評(ping)，進而拓(tuo)展了更大的市場。據統計，中國(guo)(guo)建筑營業(ye)收入平均每十二年增長十倍。位居2016年度(du)《財富》世界(jie)500強第24位，獲(huo)得標(biao)普、穆(mu)迪、惠譽等國(guo)(guo)際三大評(ping)級(ji)(ji)機構信用評(ping)級(ji)(ji)A級(ji)(ji)，為全球(qiu)建筑行業(ye)最高(gao)信用評(ping)級(ji)(ji)。

截至(zhi)十二(er)五末，中(zhong)(zhong)國建筑基礎(chu)設(she)施已完成(cheng)投資(zi)2000億元(yuan)，續投將達萬億元(yuan)，投資(zi)、建設(she)和運營的鐵(tie)路里(li)程1800多公里(li)；公路里(li)程達十幾萬公里(li)；軌道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)里(li)程數(shu)百公里(li)。隧道(dao)(dao)、橋梁、機場(chang)、港口、核(he)電(dian)等工程星羅(luo)棋(qi)布，并已成(cheng)為國家城市(shi)綜合管廊和海綿城市(shi)建設(she)的主(zhu)力(li)軍。按照“十三五”規劃，在中(zhong)(zhong)國建筑轉型升級(ji)的宏偉(wei)藍圖中(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)國建筑基礎(chu)設(she)施業務將站(zhan)在歷史高點(dian)上再出發。 （國務院(yuan)國資(zi)委網站(zhan) 王鈺）