文章來源：考核分(fen)配局(ju) 發布時間(jian)：2020-01-16
近日，國務院國資(zi)(zi)委發布了(le)《中(zhong)央(yang)企業工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額管理(li)辦(ban)法》（國資(zi)(zi)委令第39號，以下簡稱《辦(ban)法》）。《辦(ban)法》出臺后，國務院國資(zi)(zi)委有關負責同志接受(shou)了(le)記者(zhe)采訪(fang)。
問(wen)：請介(jie)紹《辦法》的起草(cao)背景(jing)。
答：中(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)工資總額(e)(e)管(guan)理(li)是(shi)調節國家、企業(ye)、職工三者(zhe)利益關系(xi)的(de)重要(yao)方式，也是(shi)國資委依法履行出(chu)資人職責的(de)重要(yao)手段(duan)，一直以(yi)來，在推動(dong)中(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)改革發(fa)展、確(que)保國有資產保值(zhi)增值(zhi)方面發(fa)揮了重要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)，同(tong)時，工資總額(e)(e)管(guan)理(li)又是(shi)關乎民(min)生福祉(zhi)的(de)重要(yao)內容，涉(she)及中(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)廣(guang)大干部職工的(de)切身(shen)利益，歷來受(shou)到(dao)各方面的(de)高度(du)關注。
國(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)委成立(li)以來，對(dui)完善工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)管理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)做了(le)(le)大量積極(ji)有效探(tan)索，總(zong)(zong)(zong)體(ti)上(shang)(shang)分(fen)為(wei)三個階段。第(di)一階段為(wei)承接起步(bu)期(qi)，從(cong)2003年(nian)至2007年(nian)，國(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)委在依法(fa)承接原勞動(dong)保障部(bu)門對(dui)中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)監管職(zhi)能的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)，從(cong)出資(zi)(zi)(zi)人的(de)(de)角度(du)，持續對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效掛鉤(gou)管理(li)(li)辦法(fa)進行改革(ge)和完善，初步(bu)構(gou)建了(le)(le)出資(zi)(zi)(zi)人對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)調控(kong)體(ti)系(xi)，在促進企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)效益高(gao)速增(zeng)長的(de)(de)同時，保障了(le)(le)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)較快提高(gao)。第(di)二階段是改革(ge)突破期(qi)，重點是探(tan)索和建立(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)算管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。2008年(nian)國(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)委在部(bu)分(fen)重點行業(ye)(ye)(ye)啟動(dong)了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)算試點，著手建立(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)算管理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)體(ti)系(xi)，2010年(nian)、2012年(nian)先后印(yin)發(fa)了(le)(le)《中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)算管理(li)(li)暫行辦法(fa)》和《中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)算管理(li)(li)暫行辦法(fa)實(shi)施(shi)細則》，2014年(nian)實(shi)現了(le)(le)中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)算管理(li)(li)全(quan)覆蓋。這個時期(qi)的(de)(de)改革(ge)突破，在中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)構(gou)建起了(le)(le)既(ji)符合(he)現代企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，又與中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)際相結合(he)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)算管理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)體(ti)系(xi)，也為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)全(quan)面實(shi)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)算管理(li)(li)提供(gong)了(le)(le)可(ke)復制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、可(ke)推廣的(de)(de)經(jing)驗和改革(ge)藍本。2014年(nian)以后，在深(shen)化國(guo)(guo)企(qi)改革(ge)的(de)(de)大背景下(xia)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)管理(li)(li)進入第(di)三階段，即持續深(shen)化期(qi)，重點以分(fen)類(lei)管理(li)(li)為(wei)手段，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)預(yu)算備案制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周期(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)(e)特別獎勵等一系(xi)列政策措施(shi)，進一步(bu)增(zeng)強了(le)(le)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)收(shou)入分(fen)配(pei)調控(kong)的(de)(de)針對(dui)性和有效性，在經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展新常態下(xia)，發(fa)揮了(le)(le)助力中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)穩增(zeng)長、激(ji)發(fa)和調動(dong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)干部(bu)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)積極(ji)性的(de)(de)重要作用。
黨(dang)的十九大站在新的歷史(shi)起點(dian)上，明確我(wo)國(guo)經濟已經由高(gao)速增(zeng)長階段(duan)轉向高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)階段(duan)，作(zuo)出(chu)了(le)貫徹(che)新發(fa)展(zhan)理念、實現高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)的部署(shu)，提出(chu)了(le)培育具有全(quan)(quan)球競(jing)爭力的世(shi)界一流企(qi)(qi)業(ye)目(mu)標(biao)。按照黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)的決策部署(shu)，以及《中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央 國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)關(guan)于(yu)深化(hua)國(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)改(gai)革(ge)的指導意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》（中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)〔2015〕22號，以下簡稱中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)22號文件）提出(chu)的“建立健全(quan)(quan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)勞動(dong)力市場基本適應、與(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)經濟效(xiao)益和勞動(dong)生產率(lv)掛鉤的工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)決定(ding)(ding)和正常增(zeng)長機制”，即(ji)“一適應、兩掛鉤”的總(zong)要求，人力資(zi)源社會(hui)(hui)保障部、財政部、國(guo)資(zi)委(wei)共同研究起草《關(guan)于(yu)改(gai)革(ge)國(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)決定(ding)(ding)機制的意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》（以下簡稱《意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》），2018年5月，《意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》經由中(zhong)(zhong)央全(quan)(quan)面深化(hua)改(gai)革(ge)委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)第一次會(hui)(hui)議審議通過(guo)，國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)正式印發(fa)。國(guo)資(zi)委(wei)作(zuo)為共同牽頭單位，在積(ji)極參與(yu)(yu)(yu)《意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》制定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的同時，根據(ju)《意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》精神，結合中(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)展(zhan)的實際情(qing)況，對中(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額管理制度體系進行全(quan)(quan)面修訂完(wan)善，同步(bu)制定(ding)(ding)了(le)《辦法》。
作為(wei)《意見》在中(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)落地落實的(de)配套文件制(zhi)度，在近兩(liang)年的(de)起草制(zhi)定過程中(zhong)，國資(zi)委(wei)廣泛(fan)征求(qiu)了(le)各有關(guan)部門(men)、地方國資(zi)委(wei)以及全部中(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)意見，期間數易其稿，最終由(you)國務院國資(zi)委(wei)黨委(wei)會(hui)和主任辦公(gong)會(hui)審議(yi)通(tong)過，以國務院國資(zi)委(wei)令的(de)形式正式公(gong)布。
問(wen)：制定《辦法》的主要(yao)目的和意義是什么。
答：《辦(ban)法》是國資(zi)(zi)(zi)委(wei)首次(ci)以委(wei)令形式公開發布(bu)的(de)中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總額管理制度文件，充分體現(xian)了國資(zi)(zi)(zi)委(wei)對(dui)這項工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)高(gao)度重視。制定《辦(ban)法》的(de)根本目的(de)，是貫徹落(luo)實(shi)習(xi)近(jin)平新時代中(zhong)國特色社會主義思想(xiang)，增強(qiang)中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業活力和競爭力，促進中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業實(shi)現(xian)高(gao)質量發展。
中(zhong)央企(qi)業(ye)工資總(zong)額管理，既要(yao)與(yu)國有企(qi)業(ye)工資決定機制改革的總(zong)體方向保持(chi)一致(zhi)，又要(yao)充分體現(xian)中(zhong)央企(qi)業(ye)自身的經營發展特(te)點(dian)。此次出臺的《辦(ban)法》，緊(jin)扣《意見》的精神實(shi)質(zhi)，切實(shi)做到了將出資人(ren)依(yi)法調控和企(qi)業(ye)自主(zhu)分配(pei)有機結合(he)。
一是明確提出按中(zhong)(zhong)央企業(ye)功能定位(wei)對工(gong)資(zi)總額實(shi)行(xing)分類(lei)管(guan)理。此(ci)次改革的(de)重(zhong)要創新點(dian)之(zhi)一就是分類(lei)管(guan)理，將工(gong)資(zi)總額預算(suan)備案制管(guan)理的(de)實(shi)施范(fan)圍，擴(kuo)大到全部主業(ye)處于充分競爭(zheng)行(xing)業(ye)和領(ling)域的(de)商(shang)業(ye)類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)央企業(ye)，由企業(ye)董事(shi)(shi)(shi)會依(yi)法(fa)依(yi)規自主決定年(nian)度工(gong)資(zi)總額預算(suan)，國資(zi)委(wei)由事(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)核準轉變為事(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)引(yin)導、事(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)監(jian)測和事(shi)(shi)(shi)后監(jian)督。
二(er)是(shi)明確提出了(le)對中(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額實行分級管(guan)(guan)理。國(guo)資(zi)(zi)委負(fu)責管(guan)(guan)制度、管(guan)(guan)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)、管(guan)(guan)監督(du)，中(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)負(fu)責管(guan)(guan)內(nei)部自(zi)主(zhu)分配(pei)、管(guan)(guan)預算分解落實、管(guan)(guan)具體操作執行，國(guo)資(zi)(zi)委與(yu)中(zhong)央(yang)企業(ye)權(quan)責清晰、各司其(qi)職。
三是進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步完善中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額與(yu)經濟效益(yi)掛(gua)鉤(gou)決定(ding)機(ji)制。《辦法》圍繞建立健全(quan)“一(yi)適應、兩掛(gua)鉤(gou)”工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)決定(ding)機(ji)制的(de)目標要求，進(jin)(jin)行了(le)(le)一(yi)系(xi)列重大(da)創新。如(ru)明(ming)(ming)確(que)了(le)(le)中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額根(gen)據(ju)效益(yi)決定(ding)，并按(an)照效率調整，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步豐富了(le)(le)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)與(yu)效益(yi)掛(gua)鉤(gou)的(de)內涵(han)，全(quan)面樹立“工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)是掙出來(lai)”的(de)核心理念。再(zai)比如(ru)《辦法》進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步簡化了(le)(le)出資(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)根(gen)據(ju)國家要求調控企(qi)(qi)業(ye)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)水平(ping)的(de)規定(ding)，突出了(le)(le)出資(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)以管資(zi)(zi)(zi)本為主(zhu)加強監管、簡政(zheng)放權(quan)的(de)管理導(dao)向，釋放了(le)(le)積極的(de)改革(ge)信號。同(tong)時，《辦法》還明(ming)(ming)確(que)了(le)(le)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)同(tong)口徑增(zeng)人(ren)不增(zeng)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額、減(jian)人(ren)不減(jian)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額的(de)有關規定(ding)，鼓勵中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)提高用人(ren)效率。
四是進一步強(qiang)調(diao)深化企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)分(fen)配(pei)制度改革。《辦法(fa)》在宏觀層面完善國家(jia)、企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和職工三(san)者工資分(fen)配(pei)關系(xi)的同時(shi)，強(qiang)調(diao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)作為內(nei)(nei)部(bu)分(fen)配(pei)的責任主體，應當持續深化內(nei)(nei)部(bu)三(san)項制度改革，構(gou)建形成(cheng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)管理人員能上能下、員工能進能出、收入能增能減的市場(chang)化勞動用工和收入分(fen)配(pei)管理機(ji)制，切實承擔起搞好、搞活企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)分(fen)配(pei)的職責。
五是進一步(bu)強(qiang)調工(gong)資(zi)總額管(guan)(guan)理的(de)監(jian)(jian)督檢查(cha)，明(ming)(ming)確界(jie)定(ding)企業(ye)的(de)違(wei)規責任。如明(ming)(ming)確對(dui)于實(shi)施備(bei)(bei)案制(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)企業(ye)，出現嚴重違(wei)反(fan)國(guo)家和國(guo)資(zi)委關于收入(ru)分配有關規定(ding)的(de)，將其工(gong)資(zi)總額預(yu)算管(guan)(guan)理方式由備(bei)(bei)案制(zhi)調整為核(he)準制(zhi)，確保做到權責對(dui)等。同時，《辦法(fa)》明(ming)(ming)確將企業(ye)工(gong)資(zi)總額管(guan)(guan)理情況(kuang)納入(ru)各(ge)項監(jian)(jian)督檢查(cha)范(fan)圍，與審(shen)計、巡視等工(gong)作形成合力，切實(shi)保證監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)到位。
總的(de)(de)(de)來說，《辦法》較好地體現(xian)了(le)中發22號文件的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革要求(qiu)，體現(xian)了(le)黨的(de)(de)(de)十九(jiu)大(da)提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)堅持質(zhi)(zhi)量第一、效益優先的(de)(de)(de)發展理念(nian)，符(fu)(fu)合此(ci)前(qian)國(guo)有(you)企業改(gai)革座談會提(ti)出強化(hua)正向激勵(li)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)關(guan)精神，符(fu)(fu)合中央關(guan)于簡政放(fang)權(quan)、“放(fang)管服”的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革要求(qiu)，對(dui)促進中央企業實現(xian)高質(zhi)(zhi)量發展、推動國(guo)有(you)資(zi)本做強做優做大(da)，加快培育(yu)具有(you)全球(qiu)競(jing)爭力的(de)(de)(de)世界(jie)一流企業具有(you)重要意(yi)義。
問：根據新的《辦法》，中(zhong)央企業職工工資(zi)總額(e)具體如(ru)何決定？
答：《辦法(fa)》緊緊圍繞建立健全“一適(shi)(shi)應、兩掛(gua)鉤(gou)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)決定(ding)機制的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額(e)預算主(zhu)要(yao)按照(zhao)效(xiao)益決定(ding)、效(xiao)率調(diao)整(zheng)、水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)調(diao)控三個(ge)環節決定(ding)。一是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額(e)增(zeng)長(chang)主(zhu)要(yao)與(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟(ji)效(xiao)益增(zeng)幅掛(gua)鉤(gou)聯動。《辦法(fa)》明確中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額(e)預算與(yu)(yu)利潤(run)總額(e)等(deng)經濟(ji)效(xiao)益指標的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)績考(kao)核目(mu)標值掛(gua)鉤(gou)，并且根(gen)據(ju)目(mu)標值的(de)(de)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)程度確定(ding)不同(tong)的(de)(de)預算水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，引導(dao)中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)通過(guo)(guo)完成高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量發展(zhan)目(mu)標帶動職工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額(e)合(he)理(li)有(you)(you)序(xu)增(zeng)長(chang)。二是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額(e)增(zeng)幅應當(dang)(dang)根(gen)據(ju)效(xiao)率水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)適(shi)(shi)度調(diao)整(zheng)。《辦法(fa)》提(ti)出(chu)(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)還(huan)應當(dang)(dang)通過(guo)(guo)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本投入產出(chu)(chu)效(xiao)率、勞動生產率等(deng)指標對標進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)調(diao)整(zheng)，突(tu)出(chu)(chu)引導(dao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)率的(de)(de)管理(li)導(dao)向，進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步(bu)協(xie)調(diao)不同(tong)效(xiao)率企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之間的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)分(fen)配關(guan)系，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額(e)決定(ding)機制的(de)(de)科(ke)學性(xing)與(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)效(xiao)性(xing)。三是(shi)注重收入分(fen)配公平(ping)(ping)(ping)，國資(zi)(zi)委按照(zhao)國家(jia)有(you)(you)關(guan)部(bu)門發布的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)指導(dao)線和(he)對非競爭(zheng)類國有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)調(diao)控要(yao)求(qiu)，對部(bu)分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)偏高(gao)(gao)、過(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，尤其是(shi)主(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不屬于充分(fen)競爭(zheng)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)領域的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)過(guo)(guo)快的(de)(de)情(qing)況進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)約束(shu)，確保(bao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)與(yu)(yu)增(zeng)長(chang)幅度更加公平(ping)(ping)(ping)合(he)理(li)、規(gui)范有(you)(you)序(xu)。同(tong)時，對中央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)承(cheng)擔重大專項(xiang)任務、重大科(ke)技(ji)創新項(xiang)目(mu)等(deng)特(te)殊(shu)事(shi)項(xiang)的(de)(de)，也明確要(yao)予以適(shi)(shi)度支持。
問：分(fen)類管理是當前深(shen)化國有企(qi)業改革的重要(yao)手段，《辦法》針對(dui)不同功能定位(wei)的中央企(qi)業采取(qu)了(le)哪些差異(yi)化的工資總額監(jian)管措施。
答(da)：《辦法(fa)》提(ti)出(chu)按照功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)對(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總額(e)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)管(guan)理(li)(li)。一是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)同功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)采取差(cha)異化(hua)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)式。對(dui)(dui)(dui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處(chu)于(yu)充(chong)分(fen)競(jing)爭(zheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)領域的(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總額(e)預(yu)算(suan)原(yuan)(yuan)則上全(quan)部實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)備案制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)，由企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)董事會在(zai)(zai)(zai)依法(fa)依規的(de)(de)前提(ti)下，自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)決定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)年(nian)度工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總額(e)預(yu)算(suan)，國(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)委由事前核(he)準轉變為(wei)事前引(yin)導、事中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)監測和(he)(he)(he)事后監督；對(dui)(dui)(dui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處(chu)于(yu)關(guan)系國(guo)(guo)家安全(quan)、國(guo)(guo)民經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)命(ming)脈(mo)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)關(guan)鍵領域、主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要承擔(dan)(dan)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)專項任(ren)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)以提(ti)供(gong)公(gong)共產(chan)品和(he)(he)(he)服務(wu)(wu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)公(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總額(e)預(yu)算(suan)繼續實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)核(he)準制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)。二是(shi)與(yu)國(guo)(guo)企(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)改(gai)革試點工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作全(quan)面對(dui)(dui)(dui)接。對(dui)(dui)(dui)開展(zhan)國(guo)(guo)有(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、運營(ying)公(gong)司或(huo)者(zhe)混合所有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革等試點的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，提(ti)出(chu)可(ke)(ke)以探(tan)索實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)更(geng)加靈活(huo)高效的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總額(e)管(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)式。三是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)同功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)差(cha)異化(hua)的(de)(de)決定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機制(zhi)(zhi)。《辦法(fa)》規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)以根據(ju)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總額(e)與(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)(yi)(yi)匹配(pei)的(de)(de)大(da)原(yuan)(yuan)則下，選取差(cha)異化(hua)的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)(yi)(yi)指標與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)增長掛鉤，尤其是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處(chu)于(yu)關(guan)系國(guo)(guo)家安全(quan)、國(guo)(guo)民經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)命(ming)脈(mo)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)關(guan)鍵領域、主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要承擔(dan)(dan)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)專項任(ren)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)公(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，可(ke)(ke)以探(tan)索結構化(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)式，允許(xu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總額(e)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)比例(li)的(de)(de)保(bao)障(zhang)性工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總額(e)，與(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所承擔(dan)(dan)特殊任(ren)務(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)公(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)性業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)完成情(qing)況掛鉤，促(cu)進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)現社會效益(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)機統(tong)一，更(geng)好(hao)發(fa)揮(hui)各類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社會發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)作用，更(geng)好(hao)地契合了當前分(fen)類(lei)(lei)推進國(guo)(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)革發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)總體方(fang)向。
問：請介(jie)紹國資委(wei)下一步的工(gong)作安排。
答：《辦法》于2019年在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企業全(quan)面施行，此次(ci)對中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企業工資總(zong)額決定(ding)機制和(he)管(guan)理制度體系進(jin)行全(quan)面改革(ge)，事(shi)關中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企業改革(ge)發展(zhan)，事(shi)關廣大企業職工切(qie)身(shen)利益(yi)，事(shi)關收(shou)入分配和(he)諧有(you)序(xu)，涉及(ji)面廣、政策性強、影響力大。國資委將(jiang)在(zai)(zai)今后(hou)一個時期(qi)，采(cai)取積極(ji)措施，統(tong)籌推(tui)進(jin)工作，確保《辦法》全(quan)面貫徹落實。
一是國資委將按照(zhao)《辦法》，全(quan)面部署2019年中央企業工(gong)資總額(e)預算管理相關工(gong)作(zuo)。
二(er)是加快(kuai)相(xiang)關配套文件(jian)的正式出臺。包括《辦法》中工資(zi)決定機制的具體(ti)實施(shi)規程、備案(an)(an)制管理(li)(li)實施(shi)方案(an)(an)、周期制管理(li)(li)實施(shi)方案(an)(an)以及(ji)工資(zi)管理(li)(li)特殊(shu)事項清單(dan)等，將(jiang)盡快(kuai)研究出臺完(wan)整(zheng)的工資(zi)管理(li)(li)政策體(ti)系，以利企業(ye)執(zhi)行。
三是加(jia)大(da)政策(ce)宣貫和培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)力度(du)。國資委將(jiang)組織系列面(mian)向中央企(qi)業(ye)的(de)政策(ce)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)，通過政策(ce)宣講、專(zhuan)家解讀(du)、專(zhuan)題培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)等多種形式，確(que)保各中央企(qi)業(ye)準確(que)把握《辦法》精(jing)神實(shi)質，并推動中央企(qi)業(ye)制(zhi)定(ding)和完善本企(qi)業(ye)的(de)工(gong)資總額管理制(zhi)度(du)體系。
四是協同推進工資(zi)分配(pei)相關配(pei)套改(gai)(gai)革(ge)。2019年，國資(zi)委將進一步深(shen)入推進中(zhong)央企業(ye)內(nei)部三項制度改(gai)(gai)革(ge)工作，加快推進企業(ye)建(jian)立健全市場化勞動用工和收(shou)入分配(pei)管理機制，持續(xu)增強企業(ye)活力(li)與競爭(zheng)力(li)。同時，在(zai)加大出資(zi)人(ren)授權改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的同時，加強對中(zhong)央企業(ye)工資(zi)分配(pei)合規性(xing)的監(jian)督(du)檢查，強化事(shi)(shi)中(zhong)監(jian)測和事(shi)(shi)后監(jian)督(du)，確保權力(li)放得(de)下(xia)、接得(de)住。
【責任編輯：李瑛】