文(wen)章(zhang)來源:規劃發展局、信(xin)息(xi)中(zhong)心 發布時間:2016-12-15
隨著大(da)型基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)、大(da)型公共(gong)建筑和(he)(he)(he)超(chao)高層建筑的(de)(de)大(da)量建設(she),建筑基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)深度(du)、開(kai)挖面積(ji)大(da)幅增加,施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)周邊環(huan)(huan)境復雜度(du)顯(xian)著增高,基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)事故頻繁發生(sheng),引發道路沉降、地(di)(di)下管(guan)線破壞等,嚴重影響施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安全(quan)和(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)下設(she)施(shi)(shi)運營。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)抽降承壓(ya)水(shui)(shui),還導致(zhi)地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)大(da)量損耗和(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)位(wei)下降。目(mu)前(qian),傳統的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)理論已不(bu)能滿(man)足復雜環(huan)(huan)境施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)安全(quan)控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)節(jie)材(cai)降耗需求,業界急需對大(da)型基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)精細控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)方法和(he)(he)(he)成套技(ji)術。
中國(guo)建筑與有關高校合作(zuo),歷時十多年攻關,取得(de)重大創(chuang)新成果。一(yi)是(shi)揭(jie)示基(ji)坑施工階段(duan)引(yin)起變形的規律,提出防連續破壞設計(ji)理論和精細控制方法;二是(shi)提出大面(mian)積基(ji)坑無支(zhi)撐多級支(zhi)護設計(ji)方法,建立多種新型支(zhi)護技術(shu);三是(shi)研發首套(tao)(tao)基(ji)坑抽(chou)灌一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化裝置和地(di)下水回灌成套(tao)(tao)裝置,解決施工回灌過程耗水量大、造(zao)成地(di)下水資(zi)源損耗、引(yin)起附加沉降等難題。
該成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)授權(quan)發明專利(li)7項,制訂國家級工(gong)(gong)(gong)法3項和省(sheng)部(bu)級工(gong)(gong)(gong)法10項,編制國家及地方(fang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)規范5部(bu),出版中英文專著、手冊等7部(bu)。經(jing)教育部(bu)組織(zhi)的專家組鑒定(ding),該成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)首次將冗(rong)余(yu)度(du)概念引入基坑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程設(she)計(ji)(ji),建立了基坑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程冗(rong)余(yu)度(du)設(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)法和控制技(ji)(ji)術(shu),發展了深大基坑無(wu)支撐支護技(ji)(ji)術(shu),形成(cheng)了濱海地區承壓含水層的成(cheng)套(tao)回灌技(ji)(ji)術(shu),取得(de)了顯著的社會和經(jing)濟效益,具(ju)有廣闊的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程應用前景(jing),研究(jiu)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)整體達到國際(ji)領先水平(ping)。

附圖:深大長基坑施工現場
該(gai)成(cheng)果已成(cheng)功應用于15個省區市(shi)的(de)(de)70多項大型工程(cheng),顯著降低(di)了基坑(keng)工程(cheng)造價,大量節(jie)省建(jian)筑工程(cheng)支出,取得良(liang)好的(de)(de)經濟效益。該(gai)成(cheng)果的(de)(de)推廣應用能(neng)大幅(fu)降低(di)基坑(keng)施工對(dui)周(zhou)邊環境的(de)(de)影(ying)響,減少地下水(shui)資(zi)源損(sun)耗,對(dui)于提高建(jian)筑施工過程(cheng)的(de)(de)環境保護(hu)水(shui)平和(he)施工安全水(shui)平具(ju)有重(zhong)要(yao)意義。