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2018年5月11日召開的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)全(quan)(quan)面深化改革委員會(hui)(hui)第(di)二(er)次會(hui)(hui)議審議通(tong)過了《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)領(ling)導(dao)人(ren)員管理(li)規(gui)定(ding)》，為新時代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特(te)色(se)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主義背景下，如(ru)何(he)加強黨對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)領(ling)導(dao)、如(ru)何(he)實現中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)領(ling)導(dao)人(ren)員作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)充分發揮(hui)，作(zuo)出了全(quan)(quan)面的(de)規(gui)定(ding)，是建立和完善中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特(te)色(se)現代(dai)國有(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)制度(du)的(de)頂(ding)層設計(ji)與微觀規(gui)制的(de)基(ji)本(ben)規(gui)范。

“尚賢者，政之(zhi)本也”。經(jing)過新中(zhong)國建(jian)(jian)立(li)以(yi)來(lai)尤其是(shi)改(gai)革(ge)開放40年(nian)以(yi)來(lai)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，我(wo)(wo)國已經(jing)建(jian)(jian)立(li)起比較完善的社(she)會主義市場經(jing)濟體制(zhi)，國民經(jing)濟和(he)社(she)會發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)取得了(le)長足的進步(bu)。但是(shi)，這些進步(bu)與我(wo)(wo)們(men)的改(gai)革(ge)目標相比還有差(cha)距(ju)。當前，我(wo)(wo)國社(she)會主要(yao)(yao)矛盾已經(jing)發(fa)(fa)生了(le)變化，面臨(lin)的國內國際形勢(shi)都更加復雜，在這種情況(kuang)下，加強和(he)完善中(zhong)央企業領導人員的選拔和(he)管理(li)，就成為(wei)決定(ding)國家未來(lai)經(jing)濟社(she)會發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)基礎性工作。

毛澤東(dong)同志曾(ceng)說：“政治路線確定(ding)之后，干部就是(shi)(shi)(shi)決定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)因素(su)”。2016年10月，習近平總書記在全國(guo)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設工作會議上強(qiang)調(diao)：堅(jian)持黨(dang)(dang)組織對國(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)選人(ren)(ren)(ren)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導和(he)(he)把關作用(yong)不能變，著力培(pei)養一支宏大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)高素(su)質企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導人(ren)(ren)(ren)員隊伍。十九(jiu)大(da)(da)報告(gao)明確指(zhi)出，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色社會主義最本質的(de)(de)(de)特征是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產黨(dang)(dang)領(ling)(ling)導，黨(dang)(dang)政軍民學，東(dong)西南北中(zhong)(zhong)，黨(dang)(dang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)領(ling)(ling)導一切的(de)(de)(de)。新(xin)時(shi)代(dai)加強(qiang)黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要抓手，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)堅(jian)持黨(dang)(dang)管(guan)干部原(yuan)則(ze)。2009年11月，中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)辦公廳(ting)、國(guo)務院辦公廳(ting)印發了(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導人(ren)(ren)(ren)員管(guan)理暫行規定(ding)》，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)要造就高素(su)質中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導人(ren)(ren)(ren)隊伍，實現(xian)國(guo)有(you)資產保值增值和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)又(you)(you)好(hao)又(you)(you)快發展。現(xian)在在黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)領(ling)(ling)導下修訂(ding)出臺《中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導人(ren)(ren)(ren)員管(guan)理規定(ding)》，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)在總結經驗的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，推出比較(jiao)成熟的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導人(ren)(ren)(ren)員選拔、激勵和(he)(he)管(guan)理規范，使中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導人(ren)(ren)(ren)員能夠切實履(lv)行職(zhi)責，實現(xian)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)做強(qiang)做優做大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)改(gai)革和(he)(he)發展目標。

黨(dang)(dang)管干(gan)部，需(xu)要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)制度創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新。《規定》就是(shi)黨(dang)(dang)對(dui)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理制度的(de)(de)(de)不斷完善，是(shi)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)制度創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新。加(jia)強(qiang)黨(dang)(dang)對(dui)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)管理，不是(shi)要(yao)把國有(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管死，讓我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)噤若寒(han)蟬、唯(wei)唯(wei)諾諾、不敢作為(wei)。而(er)是(shi)要(yao)在保證打造出一支對(dui)黨(dang)(dang)忠誠、勇于創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新、治企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)方、興企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)為(wei)、清正廉潔的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)素質(zhi)專業(ye)化中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隊伍的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，激發和(he)保護企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)家(jia)精神，使中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)別于黨(dang)(dang)政領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)干(gan)部，形成(cheng)能(neng)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)更好(hao)地適應社會(hui)主義市場(chang)經濟的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)家(jia)群體(ti)，成(cheng)為(wei)實現我(wo)國經濟由高(gao)(gao)速增長向高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量增長的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)頭(tou)人(ren)。這(zhe)(zhe)一新時代(dai)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)群體(ti)將是(shi)我(wo)國中(zhong)國特色(se)社會(hui)主義建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)堅力量。這(zhe)(zhe)一群體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)，必將極大(da)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)我(wo)國國有(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭力和(he)引領(ling)(ling)力。

十八(ba)屆(jie)三中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全會通(tong)過(guo)了《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)于全面深化(hua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)若干重(zhong)大(da)問(wen)題的(de)(de)決定(ding)》，《決定(ding)》明(ming)(ming)確指出：經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)是全面深化(hua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)重(zhong)點，核心問(wen)題是處(chu)理(li)好政(zheng)府和(he)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系，是市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)在資(zi)源配置(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)起決定(ding)性作(zuo)用(yong)和(he)更好發(fa)揮政(zheng)府作(zuo)用(yong)。這一重(zhong)大(da)判斷，將(jiang)(jiang)我國(guo)對(dui)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)認識推向(xiang)了一個新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)高度。同時，習近平總(zong)書記就(jiu)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)于全面深化(hua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)若干重(zhong)大(da)問(wen)題的(de)(de)決定(ding)》向(xiang)全會所作(zuo)說明(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)指出，國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是推進(jin)國(guo)家(jia)現代化(hua)、保障人(ren)(ren)民共(gong)同利益的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)力量。經(jing)(jing)過(guo)多年改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)體上(shang)已經(jing)(jing)同市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)融合。因此(ci)，究其實質，“政(zheng)府和(he)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)”的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系具體落實到(dao)實踐(jian)層面，就(jiu)是國(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)機制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系。因此(ci)，《規定(ding)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提出對(dui)敢于負責(ze)、勇于擔當、善(shan)于作(zuo)為、業(ye)(ye)(ye)績突出的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領導(dao)人(ren)(ren)員，應(ying)當及時提拔重(zhong)用(yong)，激(ji)(ji)(ji)勵中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領導(dao)人(ren)(ren)講擔當、重(zhong)擔當；建(jian)立容錯糾錯機制(zhi)(zhi)，引導(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領導(dao)人(ren)(ren)員爭(zheng)當改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)促(cu)進(jin)派(pai)、實干家(jia)；堅(jian)持物質激(ji)(ji)(ji)勵與(yu)精(jing)神(shen)激(ji)(ji)(ji)勵相(xiang)(xiang)結合、短(duan)期(qi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)勵與(yu)任期(qi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)勵相(xiang)(xiang)結合等措(cuo)(cuo)施，激(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領導(dao)人(ren)(ren)員創新(xin)(xin)活力和(he)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)動力。這些(xie)措(cuo)(cuo)施，都是對(dui)建(jian)設適應(ying)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色(se)社會主義市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展要(yao)求的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)家(jia)隊伍的(de)(de)正向(xiang)激(ji)(ji)(ji)勵，是將(jiang)(jiang)黨(dang)管干部(bu)原則(ze)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)機制(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)統一的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)事制(zhi)(zhi)度改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)成果。

國有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)尤其是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特色(se)社(she)(she)會主義(yi)制度的(de)(de)(de)根本保(bao)障，是(shi)國民經濟社(she)(she)會發(fa)展和(he)人(ren)(ren)民利益的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)力(li)量，積(ji)極探(tan)索對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)頭(tou)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理規范，是(shi)保(bao)證國有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)新時(shi)代更(geng)好(hao)發(fa)揮引領(ling)(ling)作用的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)；而為了(le)(le)社(she)(she)會主義(yi)市場(chang)(chang)經濟體制的(de)(de)(de)成熟，讓國有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)更(geng)好(hao)地在(zai)世界(jie)(jie)市場(chang)(chang)經濟大潮中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)拼搏，離不開具有(you)(you)“紅色(se)”心臟、體魄健康、人(ren)(ren)格健全、能(neng)力(li)卓越的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)家隊伍(wu)。所以，《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)業(ye)領(ling)(ling)導人(ren)(ren)員管(guan)理規定》的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)臺，無(wu)疑是(shi)為全面深(shen)化改革的(de)(de)(de)核心任(ren)務(wu)提出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)全新方案(an)，實現了(le)(le)黨管(guan)干部和(he)發(fa)揮市場(chang)(chang)機制作用的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機統一，也將(jiang)為我國培育出(chu)(chu)具有(you)(you)全球競(jing)爭力(li)的(de)(de)(de)世界(jie)(jie)一流企(qi)業(ye)筑牢了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)才之(zhi)基(ji)，這是(shi)實現中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民族偉大復興(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國夢的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎性工程。

當然(ran)，再好(hao)的制度或規定，要(yao)發揮(hui)出應有的作用(yong)，不(bu)(bu)僅需(xu)要(yao)落(luo)實(shi)，還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)能夠(gou)不(bu)(bu)斷糾錯和完善。《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)業(ye)領(ling)導人(ren)(ren)員管理規定》也需(xu)要(yao)在(zai)執行(xing)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)斷發現問題、發現落(luo)實(shi)的難點和缺陷，注意區分行(xing)政干部和企(qi)業(ye)管理者(zhe)的差別，形成具有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色、又符(fu)合企(qi)業(ye)家一(yi)般要(yao)求的科(ke)學(xue)的考評體(ti)系，為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)業(ye)領(ling)導人(ren)(ren)減負松(song)綁、激發活力，真正使《規定》簡(jian)便(bian)易行(xing)、有效管用(yong)。(中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)民大學(xue)教授、國(guo)務院參事室特約研(yan)究(jiu)員 張旭)