文章來源:《國資報(bao)告(gao)》雜(za)志 發布(bu)時(shi)間:2020-04-28
2018年,近400戶(hu)國有(you)重點企(qi)業(ye)以(yi)供給側(ce)結構性(xing)改革為主線,踐行(xing)新發展理念,扎實推進降本增(zeng)效、瘦身健(jian)體,有(you)效應(ying)對外部環境(jing)深刻變(bian)(bian)化,總體經營穩中(zhong)有(you)進,初步實現由“追求規模、速度”向“追求質量(liang)”的轉變(bian)(bian)。
“穩”的基礎進一步鞏固
1.重要經(jing)濟指標(biao)(biao)增(zeng)速均(jun)穩定在合理區間。2018年完成工業總產值20.3萬億(yi)元,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長9.4%;實(shi)現營(ying)業收入35.4萬億(yi)元,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長9.7%;實(shi)現利(li)潤(run)20910.9億(yi)元,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長16.3%。在2017年產、銷、利(li)均(jun)實(shi)現兩位數增(zeng)長的高基礎上,2018年各指標(biao)(biao)增(zeng)速仍接(jie)近或超過10%,經(jing)營(ying)成果來之不易(yi)。

2.穩就(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)、穩外(wai)(wai)貿、穩信(xin)心,國(guo)企(qi)穩定器作用(yong)凸顯。12月(yue)末,國(guo)有重(zhong)點(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)期末從業(ye)(ye)人員數1644.4萬(wan)(wan)人,比(bi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)初增(zeng)加(jia)24萬(wan)(wan)人;全年(nian)(nian)(nian)實現(xian)出口產品銷售收入11008.7億元,同比(bi)增(zeng)長9.6%,增(zeng)速比(bi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)初加(jia)快1.2個(ge)百分點(dian);另據(ju)測(ce)算,2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)有重(zhong)點(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)景氣(qi)度(du)指數年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均值達87.87%,是(shi)近七年(nian)(nian)(nian)來的最好水平。國(guo)有重(zhong)點(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)為(wei)穩定全年(nian)(nian)(nian)就(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)形(xing)勢、對外(wai)(wai)貿易、市(shi)場信(xin)心做出應有貢(gong)獻。
“進”的動力進一步增強
1.增(zeng)長結構多環(huan)節(jie)優(you)化。首先從(cong)增(zeng)速(su)對比(bi)變化看(kan),全(quan)年利(li)潤(run)增(zeng)速(su)快(kuai)于收入增(zeng)速(su)6.6個(ge)(ge)(ge)百分(fen)(fen)(fen)點,收入增(zeng)速(su)快(kuai)于產(chan)值(zhi)增(zeng)速(su)0.3個(ge)(ge)(ge)百分(fen)(fen)(fen)點,企(qi)(qi)業產(chan)銷銜接保(bao)持(chi)順暢(chang)、獲(huo)利(li)能力大幅提(ti)升;其次從(cong)盈虧面變化看(kan),12月末(mo),國(guo)有重點企(qi)(qi)業中有虧損(sun)企(qi)(qi)業38戶,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)減(jian)少8戶,虧損(sun)面同(tong)(tong)比(bi)下降2.5個(ge)(ge)(ge)百分(fen)(fen)(fen)點,虧損(sun)企(qi)(qi)業虧損(sun)額同(tong)(tong)比(bi)減(jian)虧46.4%,盈利(li)企(qi)(qi)業增(zeng)多,虧損(sun)狀況明顯改(gai)善;最后從(cong)利(li)潤(run)的(de)行(xing)業分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)看(kan),20個(ge)(ge)(ge)主要行(xing)業中,全(quan)年累(lei)計實現利(li)潤(run)在500億(yi)元以上的(de)有14個(ge)(ge)(ge),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)加2個(ge)(ge)(ge),高(gao)盈利(li)行(xing)業增(zeng)多,利(li)潤(run)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)更均勻。


2.運行(xing)質量(liang)大比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)例改(gai)善(shan)。全年重(zhong)(zhong)點監測的10項效率(lv)指(zhi)標(biao)中(zhong),有(you)8項同比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)持平或(huo)改(gai)善(shan)。其中(zhong):產(chan)銷率(lv)99.7%,同比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)持平;成本費用(yong)總額占(zhan)營業收(shou)(shou)入比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)95%,同比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)降0.03個(ge)(ge)百分點;營業收(shou)(shou)入利(li)潤率(lv)5.9%,同比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)提(ti)(ti)高0.3個(ge)(ge)百分點;凈資(zi)(zi)產(chan)收(shou)(shou)益(yi)率(lv)6.6%,同比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)提(ti)(ti)高0.5個(ge)(ge)百分點;資(zi)(zi)產(chan)負債率(lv)64.9%,同比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)降0.7個(ge)(ge)百分點;流動(dong)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)周轉率(lv)1.34次,同比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)加快0.03次;“兩(liang)金(jin)”占(zhan)流動(dong)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)20.4%,同比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)降1.5個(ge)(ge)百分點;勞動(dong)生產(chan)率(lv)215.1萬元(yuan)/人(ren),同比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)提(ti)(ti)高11.4%。
3.新(xin)增(zeng)長(chang)點(dian)(dian)逐漸聚集發(fa)(fa)力。據問(wen)卷調(diao)查(cha),截(jie)至2018年底,42.5%的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)企業(ye)通(tong)過實(shi)施創新(xin)驅(qu)動發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略,在(zai)生產經(jing)營中(zhong)(zhong)已經(jing)形成(cheng)了新(xin)的(de)增(zeng)長(chang)點(dian)(dian),另有(you)近一(yi)(yi)成(cheng)的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)企業(ye)新(xin)增(zeng)長(chang)點(dian)(dian)已處(chu)于加速培育期,為企業(ye)高質量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)注入(ru)(ru)新(xin)活(huo)力。如鞍鋼(gang)(gang)反饋,集團(tuan)年度科技投入(ru)(ru)占主(zhu)營收入(ru)(ru)比重(zhong)提(ti)(ti)高到4%以上(shang),公司高端橋梁鋼(gang)(gang)在(zai)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)、歐盟鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)貿易保護背景(jing)下,仍獨家供貨(huo)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)、德國(guo)(guo)(guo)等(deng)相(xiang)關橋梁建設;中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)誠通(tong)下屬中(zhong)(zhong)儲智(zhi)運平臺(tai)自成(cheng)立(li)以來業(ye)務(wu)不斷擴大,2018年前11個(ge)(ge)月業(ye)務(wu)收入(ru)(ru)突(tu)破(po)90億(yi)元,同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)近50%;濟(ji)南(nan)二機床反饋,企業(ye)通(tong)過建立(li)智(zhi)能制造車(che)(che)間,推(tui)進(jin)數控化(hua)、自動化(hua)等(deng)智(zhi)能制造的(de)應用,生產效率有(you)效提(ti)(ti)升,產品交貨(huo)期縮短(duan)20%;淮北(bei)礦業(ye)建成(cheng)并已投入(ru)(ru)使用兩個(ge)(ge)智(zhi)能化(hua)采煤工(gong)作(zuo)面,完成(cheng)選煤廠15個(ge)(ge)智(zhi)能化(hua)改造項目(mu),煤炭(tan)智(zhi)能化(hua)采選實(shi)現歷史性(xing)突(tu)破(po);北(bei)汽福田(tian)大力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)主(zhu)營業(ye)務(wu),通(tong)過與國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)知(zhi)名企業(ye)展(zhan)開一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)戰(zhan)略合作(zuo),在(zai)實(shi)現商用車(che)(che)核心部件性(xing)能提(ti)(ti)升的(de)同(tong)時,創造出(chu)新(xin)的(de)利潤(run)增(zeng)長(chang)點(dian)(dian);太(tai)原鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)推(tui)動生產線智(zhi)能化(hua)升級改造,預計完成(cheng)后生產效率提(ti)(ti)升四成(cheng),能耗降低(di)一(yi)(yi)成(cheng)。
內外因素合力推動增長轉型
綜(zong)合數據統計結(jie)果(guo)(guo)和企(qi)業(ye)反饋(kui)信息,面對外(wai)部環境深刻變化,國有(you)重(zhong)點(dian)企(qi)業(ye)2018年經營成果(guo)(guo)的(de)取得,一方面得益于(yu)國家各項調控(kong)政策的(de)精(jing)準到位,切實為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)減負,激發(fa)了市(shi)場(chang)活力(li)。
2018年(nian),國(guo)有重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)企業應(ying)交稅金總額(e)同比僅(jin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)3.8%,增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速比2017年(nian)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)1.2個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點(dian)(dian),且低(di)于(yu)營業收(shou)(shou)入增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速5.9個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點(dian)(dian),企業綜合稅負明(ming)顯下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)。另(ling)方面也(ye)是各企業堅決(jue)貫徹落實黨中(zhong)央、國(guo)務院決(jue)策部署,苦練(lian)內(nei)功、創(chuang)新進取的成(cheng)效(xiao)體現(xian)。2018年(nian),在營業成(cheng)本(ben)剛性增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)9.9%的情況下(xia)(xia),各國(guo)有重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)企業加強費用(yong)管控,全年(nian)三項費用(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)8.1%,把成(cheng)本(ben)費用(yong)總額(e)全年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速拉低(di)至(zhi)9.6%,低(di)于(yu)營業收(shou)(shou)入增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速0.1個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點(dian)(dian);年(nian)內(nei)各重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)企業降(jiang)杠桿、壓兩金成(cheng)效(xiao)顯著,截至(zhi)12月(yue)末,資產(chan)負債率和(he)“兩金”占比均降(jiang)至(zhi)近五年(nian)來(lai)最好(hao)水平。
2019年,受國內(nei)市(shi)場需(xu)求回(hui)落、國際貿易爭(zheng)端升(sheng)級等因素的(de)影響,經濟(ji)下行壓力增大,一季度國有重點企業(ye)景氣度先行指數有所(suo)回(hui)落,但仍高(gao)于(yu)前三年同期平均水平0.88個百分點。問(wen)卷調查結果顯示,面對(dui)形勢變化,各國有重點企業(ye)有信心通過全面深化改革、強化創新驅動(dong),推動(dong)企業(ye)高(gao)質量發(fa)展再上新臺階。(國務(wu)院國資委信息中心 李紅 崔姍姍)