發布時間：2015-09-29
進(jin)入新世(shi)(shi)紀特別是近(jin)10年(nian)(nian)來，我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)和(he)(he)(he)能(neng)源發(fa)展(zhan)走出了(le)一條立足國情、獨具特色的路(lu)子，取(qu)得了(le)舉世(shi)(shi)矚(zhu)目的成就：發(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)持(chi)續擴(kuo)大，2013年(nian)(nian)我國發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網總規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)均(jun)居世(shi)(shi)界第一位；結構(gou)優化穩步推(tui)(tui)進(jin)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)在(zai)(zai)終端能(neng)源消費中(zhong)(zhong)的比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)從2000年(nian)(nian)的14.8%提高到(dao)2013年(nian)(nian)的22.6%，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)和(he)(he)(he)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)建規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)均(jun)為世(shi)(shi)界第一，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)綠(lv)色發(fa)展(zhan)成為主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)；技術水平(ping)顯著提升，火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)超（超）臨(lin)界、大型(xing)空冷(leng)燃煤機(ji)組、特高壓(ya)交流(liu)(liu)全套設備(bei)、直流(liu)(liu)關鍵設備(bei)和(he)(he)(he)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網技術均(jun)為世(shi)(shi)界領先(xian)；建設實力(li)日益(yi)增強(qiang)，通過一系列重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大能(neng)源工(gong)程建設，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)和(he)(he)(he)能(neng)源建設的“中(zhong)(zhong)國創造”和(he)(he)(he)“中(zhong)(zhong)國引領”。今年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)13日，習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)同志在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)央財經領導小組第六次會議上強(qiang)調，保障國家能(neng)源安全，必須推(tui)(tui)動能(neng)源生產和(he)(he)(he)消費革命。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)一重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要精神指導下，我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)工(gong)業將進(jin)入新的發(fa)展(zhan)階段。在(zai)(zai)保證適度發(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)、速度的同時不斷(duan)提高發(fa)展(zhan)水平(ping)、質量，需要超前謀劃(hua)、深入研究、科學規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)、積極實踐。
以(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)理(li)需(xu)求引導供應(ying)(ying)，促進(jin)電(dian)(dian)力(li)節能(neng)提(ti)效。目前，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)單位(wei)GDP能(neng)耗(hao)相(xiang)當于美國(guo)(guo)的2.3倍(bei)、日(ri)本(ben)的3.8倍(bei)，也高(gao)于巴(ba)西和墨西哥等(deng)(deng)發(fa)展(zhan)中國(guo)(guo)家，反映我(wo)國(guo)(guo)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)和能(neng)源消費(fei)方式仍(reng)然(ran)相(xiang)對粗放。應(ying)(ying)充分發(fa)揮電(dian)(dian)力(li)工業(ye)在經濟發(fa)展(zhan)中的先(xian)行(xing)作用(yong)，以(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)理(li)需(xu)求引導供應(ying)(ying)，采用(yong)價格杠(gang)桿等(deng)(deng)手段(duan)抑制(zhi)不(bu)合(he)(he)理(li)消費(fei)，建立提(ti)高(gao)能(neng)源利用(yong)效率的倒逼機(ji)制(zhi)，努力(li)實現以(yi)(yi)較(jiao)低(di)的電(dian)(dian)力(li)彈性系數支持(chi)較(jiao)快的經濟增長。
優化(hua)(hua)調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力結構(gou)，實現(xian)化(hua)(hua)石、非化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)并(bing)舉。立(li)足我(wo)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)情(qing)，著眼(yan)可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，必(bi)須以(yi)水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境承載能(neng)(neng)力為硬約(yue)束(shu)，堅持(chi)非化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)清潔(jie)(jie)利(li)用(yong)并(bing)舉，堅持(chi)清潔(jie)(jie)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、生(sheng)(sheng)物質發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、垃圾發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、分布(bu)(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)各類能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)協調發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)和生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境效(xiao)益。在非化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)，應深入開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)西(xi)南水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)總體(ti)規(gui)劃研究(jiu)和前期工(gong)作(zuo)，加快大(da)(da)(da)中型(xing)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站建設(she)；堅持(chi)集中式和分布(bu)(bu)式發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)并(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)，大(da)(da)(da)力推進可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)、送出(chu)、消納等(deng)相關工(gong)作(zuo)；在采取國(guo)(guo)際最高(gao)(gao)安全(quan)標(biao)準、確保安全(quan)的前提(ti)下，啟動(dong)東(dong)部沿海地區新(xin)的核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目建設(she)。在化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)，繼續發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的主力軍作(zuo)用(yong)，著力提(ti)高(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)(da)容(rong)量(liang)、高(gao)(gao)參數、清潔(jie)(jie)化(hua)(hua)、低排放的煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)比重(zhong)(zhong)，促進煤(mei)(mei)炭高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)、清潔(jie)(jie)利(li)用(yong)；在京津(jin)冀魯(lu)、長三角、珠(zhu)三角等(deng)大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)污染(ran)重(zhong)(zhong)點防控區，有(you)序(xu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)天(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)調峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，結合熱負(fu)荷(he)需求適度(du)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)—蒸汽聯(lian)合循環(huan)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯(lian)產(chan)。在輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)，積極配合大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)地建設(she)，推進遠距離大(da)(da)(da)容(rong)量(liang)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道建設(she)，繼續推進特高(gao)(gao)壓交直流工(gong)程建設(she)。
加(jia)快電(dian)力(li)(li)科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新，提高能(neng)源(yuan)產(chan)(chan)業核心競爭力(li)(li)。應(ying)以節能(neng)、高效、清潔、環(huan)保、智(zhi)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)，圍繞保障安(an)全、優化結構、節能(neng)減排等長(chang)期目(mu)標，扎實推(tui)進(jin)電(dian)力(li)(li)科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新，打(da)造我國(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)產(chan)(chan)業升(sheng)級版(ban)。加(jia)快超(chao)(chao)低(di)排放、高度(du)節水(shui)清潔煤電(dian)技(ji)(ji)術的推(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)用，加(jia)強(qiang)700℃超(chao)(chao)超(chao)(chao)臨界、IGCC（整體煤氣(qi)化聯合循環(huan)）、燃機等技(ji)(ji)術攻關和(he)試驗示(shi)范。加(jia)快第三代(dai)、第四代(dai)核電(dian)及相關技(ji)(ji)術引進(jin)創(chuang)新和(he)核電(dian)建設(she)自主(zhu)化。提高水(shui)電(dian)站壩工技(ji)(ji)術水(shui)平。提高特高壓(ya)交直流(liu)輸電(dian)技(ji)(ji)術水(shui)平。以滿足新能(neng)源(yuan)和(he)分布式(shi)發電(dian)并(bing)網要(yao)求(qiu)、實現(xian)雙向互動(dong)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)目(mu)標，推(tui)進(jin)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網關鍵(jian)技(ji)(ji)術試點(dian)(dian)示(shi)范。加(jia)快電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)充電(dian)設(she)施建設(she)。努力(li)(li)使科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)力(li)(li)工業發展(zhan)的主(zhu)動(dong)力(li)(li)。
（本文章摘(zhai)自9月29日(ri)《人民日(ri)報》，作者為國家(jia)電力規劃(hua)研(yan)究中心主任，中國能源建(jian)設集(ji)團(tuan)有限公司(si)董事長(chang)、黨委書記）