文章來源:人民(min)日報海(hai)外版(ban) 發布時間:2021-08-27
江(jiang)蘇(su)電(dian)(dian)網最高(gao)(gao)負(fu)荷(he)5次破(po)億(yi)千瓦,浙江(jiang)電(dian)(dian)網最高(gao)(gao)負(fu)荷(he)6次創歷(li)史(shi)新高(gao)(gao),湖北(bei)等12個省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)網負(fu)荷(he)合計(ji)30次創歷(li)史(shi)新高(gao)(gao)……入夏以(yi)來,全國日(ri)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)和統調用電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)屢創新高(gao)(gao),被(bei)視(shi)為經濟(ji)運(yun)行“晴雨(yu)表”的社會用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)上漲勁頭十足(zu),折射出中國經濟(ji)復蘇(su)向好的趨勢。
電力消費復蘇快
進入8月(yue),全國日發電(dian)量和統調用電(dian)負荷快(kuai)速(su)攀升(sheng),創出新高(gao)(gao)。國家發改委數(shu)據顯示,截至17日,全國日發電(dian)量最高(gao)(gao)達到246億(yi)千瓦時(shi),比去(qu)年(nian)峰值高(gao)(gao)出6.86億(yi)千瓦時(shi);統調用電(dian)負荷最高(gao)(gao)達到10.76億(yi)千瓦,比去(qu)年(nian)峰值高(gao)(gao)出2400萬千瓦。
“初(chu)步(bu)分析,全國日發電(dian)量和統調用電(dian)負荷連創(chuang)新高,既有持(chi)續高溫晴熱天氣導(dao)致空調負荷快速增長的影(ying)響,同(tong)時反(fan)映了國民經(jing)濟繼續穩定恢復。”國家發改(gai)委新聞發言(yan)人孟(meng)瑋說。
傳統制造(zao)業(ye)穩步(bu)復蘇,直接體(ti)現在用量需求上(shang)。南(nan)方電網能源發展(zhan)研究院(yuan)的數據(ju)顯示,1-7月(yue),南(nan)方五省區制造(zao)業(ye)同比增(zeng)長(chang)1.0%,較上(shang)半(ban)年加快2.3個(ge)百分(fen)點,增(zeng)速(su)實現由負轉正。其中與“新(xin)基建”密(mi)切相關的高技(ji)術及裝備(bei)制造(zao)業(ye)用電強勁反彈,5、6、7月(yue)當月(yue)分(fen)別(bie)同比增(zeng)長(chang)6.8%、10.7%、10.8%,連續3個(ge)月(yue)高速(su)增(zeng)長(chang),引領工業(ye)增(zeng)長(chang)。
此外,大部分(fen)消費品制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)速由負轉(zhuan)正,體現出國(guo)(guo)內消費穩步復蘇態勢(shi)。中國(guo)(guo)宏(hong)觀經濟研(yan)究院能源研(yan)究所楊晶介紹(shao),二季度,消費品制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)環比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)46.1%;同(tong)比(bi)下降1.3%,降幅較(jiao)一季度收窄18.6個(ge)百分(fen)點。其中,6月消費品制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)實(shi)現正增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang),同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)1.9%;部分(fen)行業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)大幅回升,甚至達到兩位(wei)數增(zeng)(zeng)速。例如,主(zhu)要立足于(yu)國(guo)(guo)內市(shi)場(chang)的食品制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、飲料制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、家具制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)和煙草制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)分(fen)別同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)18.1%、10.0%、10.0%和8.2%。
電力投資增長快
用電需求(qiu)和(he)電網負荷連(lian)攀高峰,電力供給是否“吃得消”?
從(cong)產(chan)量、產(chan)能(neng)和設備利用(yong)程度看,供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)穩定(ding)有保障。看產(chan)量,發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量持續增長(chang)(chang)(chang)。7月(yue)份,全國規(gui)模(mo)以(yi)上工(gong)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量同(tong)比增長(chang)(chang)(chang)1.9%。其中(zhong),水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)同(tong)比分(fen)別(bie)增長(chang)(chang)(chang)6.1%、6.7%、23.2%。看產(chan)能(neng),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容量保持同(tong)比增長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢頭。截(jie)至7月(yue)底,全國6000千(qian)瓦(wa)及以(yi)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容量達到(dao)19.5億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa),同(tong)比增長(chang)(chang)(chang)6.7%。看設備利用(yong)程度,1-7月(yue)份,全國發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備累計平(ping)均利用(yong)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)2074小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),比上年同(tong)期降低111小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。
入夏(xia)(xia)以來(lai),面對電(dian)(dian)力需求走高(gao),電(dian)(dian)力供給(gei)側持續(xu)發力。國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)數據顯(xian)示,今年夏(xia)(xia)季,已有華東(dong)、西(xi)南(nan)2個(ge)區域電(dian)(dian)網(wang)和(he)15個(ge)省級電(dian)(dian)網(wang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷(he)創歷史新高(gao),加(jia)上(shang)夏(xia)(xia)季暴(bao)雨(yu)、臺(tai)風、雷電(dian)(dian)等多(duo)(duo)發,多(duo)(duo)地電(dian)(dian)網(wang)在惡劣天氣中受損嚴重(zhong)。面對疫(yi)情和(he)惡劣天氣,國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)廣大干部(bu)員(yuan)工經受住多(duo)(duo)重(zhong)考驗,有力保障了用(yong)電(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰(feng)期間的(de)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活用(yong)電(dian)(dian)。目前,全(quan)國(guo)各地電(dian)(dian)網(wang)整(zheng)體運行平穩。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)投資快速增長(chang)(chang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)力工業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)后勁足。國家能源(yuan)局(ju)日前發(fa)(fa)布的1-7月份全國電(dian)(dian)(dian)力工業(ye)統計數據顯示,1-7月,全國新增發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機容量(liang)5409萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦,同比(bi)增長(chang)(chang)701萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦;電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)工程(cheng)投資完(wan)成2139億元,同比(bi)增長(chang)(chang)51.0%,其中(zhong)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)1112億元,同比(bi)增長(chang)(chang)164.0%;電(dian)(dian)(dian)網工程(cheng)投資完(wan)成2053億元,同比(bi)增長(chang)(chang)1.6%;新增220千(qian)(qian)伏及(ji)以上輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)長(chang)(chang)度約1.9萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)米,比(bi)上年同比(bi)增加899千(qian)(qian)米。
新產業用電增長快
用電(dian)量快速增長的背后,還(huan)反映出(chu)中國(guo)經濟向(xiang)更高質量發(fa)展的態勢。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)替代拉動(dong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)需(xu)求增長(chang)明顯(xian),經濟(ji)發展(zhan)更“綠”了。數據顯(xian)示,今年(nian)(nian)以(yi)來,電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)替代繼(ji)續保持較大(da)規(gui)模(mo)增長(chang),通過加強港口岸電(dian)(dian)(dian)、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)等設施建設推動(dong)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)代煤、以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)代油,上(shang)半年(nian)(nian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)替代電(dian)(dian)(dian)量規(gui)模(mo)達(da)1100億千(qian)瓦時左(zuo)右。據統計,截(jie)至(zhi)6月(yue)底,中國各類充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁保有量已(yi)達(da)132.2萬個,其(qi)中公共充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁55.8萬個,數量位居全(quan)球首位。
高技術產(chan)業(ye)用(yong)電需(xu)求(qiu)大,經濟發展新(xin)動能凸(tu)顯。二季度,高技術及裝備制(zhi)造業(ye)用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)4.6%,超出工業(ye)用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)速(su)約2個百分點(dian)。其中,對比(bi)4月來看,5月和6月高技術行業(ye)用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)同比(bi)增(zeng)速(su)分別快速(su)反彈(dan)至5.4%和8.4%。進入7月份,汽(qi)車(che)制(zhi)造業(ye)用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)20.3%,計算機通(tong)信和其他電子設(she)備制(zhi)造業(ye)、通(tong)用(yong)設(she)備制(zhi)造業(ye)、電氣機械(xie)和器材制(zhi)造業(ye)等用(yong)電量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)速(su)也(ye)都在兩位數以上。
新業(ye)態用電量激增,經濟發展新意十(shi)足。楊晶介紹,上半年依托大數(shu)(shu)據、云計算、物聯網等新技術的網絡信息服務業(ye)用電量同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)27.7%。其(qi)中,互聯網數(shu)(shu)據服務業(ye)用電量同(tong)比(bi)(bi)激增71.6%,反映出線上教(jiao)育、網絡會(hui)議等新方式正在快速(su)普及。
“高技術裝備制造業用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)較快回(hui)升、網絡信息服(fu)務業用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)‘快跑’等(deng),從一個側面說明中國經濟的韌性和潛力。”中電(dian)聯(lian)專職副理事長兼秘書長于崇德說,用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)增速(su)逐月回(hui)升中有氣溫升高的因(yin)(yin)素,但經濟總體逐步(bu)復蘇(su)、新動(dong)能保(bao)持強勁支撐是最(zui)主要原因(yin)(yin)。
【責任編輯:趙藝涵】