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新(xin)基(ji)建風口下，各(ge)路資本、各(ge)方(fang)人馬涌入充電(dian)(dian)樁行業，能否破解其盈利困境？未來行業發展的方(fang)向是什么(me)？近日，國網電(dian)(dian)動汽車服務有限公(gong)司（以(yi)下簡稱國網電(dian)(dian)動汽車公(gong)司）董事長、黨委書記(ji)全生明表示，今年以(yi)來，疫情加劇了充電(dian)(dian)樁行業的盈利難(nan)度(du)，但新(xin)基(ji)建等一系列(lie)政策出臺(tai)給(gei)這一行業打了一針(zhen)強心劑。

據(ju)透露，作為充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)行(xing)業的國家隊，國網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)動汽車公司正(zheng)在(zai)加(jia)快構(gou)建“全國充(chong)電(dian)(dian)一(yi)張網(wang)(wang)”。預計(ji)到2020年(nian)底，平臺將實現注冊用戶數突破500萬，累計(ji)接入充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁100萬根，年(nian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)量達(da)到15億千瓦時(shi)。

充換電行業盈利難度加大

近年來(lai)，在各方共同努力下，我國新能源汽車進入加(jia)速發展的(de)新階段。作為(wei)其不(bu)可或缺(que)的(de)配套(tao)產業，充換電行業也取得了巨大(da)進步。

根據中國(guo)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)促進聯盟統(tong)計，截至今年5月，全國(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)累計數量為(wei)129.9萬臺，同比(bi)增加33.1%。其中公共充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁保有(you)量55萬臺，私人充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁保有(you)量74.9萬臺。“可(ke)以說，充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)的建設(she)(she)為(wei)滿足充(chong)電(dian)(dian)需求做出了突(tu)出貢獻，有(you)力保障了我(wo)國(guo)新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車產(chan)業的快速(su)發展。”全生(sheng)明稱。

但(dan)他(ta)表(biao)示，由于目前新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車在(zai)整體(ti)汽車存量中占比仍然較小(xiao)，充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)行業普(pu)遍存在(zai)項目投入(ru)大、落地難、回收周期長等(deng)問題，加之設施平(ping)均利(li)用(yong)率低(di)、市場(chang)競爭激烈，各平(ping)臺尚未實(shi)現(xian)完全互聯互通(tong)，運營(ying)商缺(que)(que)乏流量變(bian)現(xian)手段等(deng)因素(su)，導致充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)行業盈(ying)(ying)利(li)比較困難。特(te)別是今年以來，受疫情影響，私家車、運營(ying)車等(deng)各類(lei)車輛充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)需求驟降(jiang)，各充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)運營(ying)商上半年的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量、服(fu)務(wu)(wu)費(fei)收入(ru)顯著降(jiang)低(di)，在(zai)盈(ying)(ying)利(li)方式單一、缺(que)(que)乏其他(ta)增值服(fu)務(wu)(wu)收入(ru)的情況下，進一步加劇了行業盈(ying)(ying)利(li)難度(du)。

全生明說(shuo)，目前充換(huan)電行(xing)業(ye)還存在設施(shi)分布不均衡、互聯(lian)互通(tong)廣(guang)度和(he)深度不夠、智能(neng)化和(he)互動化水(shui)平不高等問題，同時社區建(jian)樁難、數(shu)量少(shao)、利用(yong)率低，影響了新能(neng)源車主用(yong)車體驗和(he)獲得(de)感，充電樁體系建(jian)設亟待(dai)加強，充換(huan)電行(xing)業(ye)亟須(xu)更多的政策支持和(he)指導。

迎來新基建政策春風

全(quan)生明認(ren)為，充(chong)(chong)電樁被納入新(xin)(xin)(xin)基建(jian)(jian)及一系列相關支持(chi)政策的(de)出臺，彰顯了國家(jia)支持(chi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源汽車(che)及充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)決(jue)心(xin)，這將有效解決(jue)電動汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)電難題、促進(jin)電動汽車(che)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)加快(kuai)發(fa)(fa)展，對(dui)拉動電動汽車(che)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)走出短期底部、保(bao)障(zhang)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行穩致(zhi)遠、更好(hao)(hao)滿足(zu)人民美好(hao)(hao)生活(huo)需(xu)要，具有重要意義。同時，這也給充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)打了一針(zhen)強(qiang)心(xin)劑，有利于設(she)備制造商(shang)、運營商(shang)等產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈上下游企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展，提升核心(xin)技(ji)術與創新(xin)(xin)(xin)能力；有利于吸引更多的(de)社會資本進(jin)入充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電領(ling)域(yu)，營造共建(jian)(jian)共營的(de)良好(hao)(hao)發(fa)(fa)展局面；有利于補齊行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展短板，提振老百姓(xing)對(dui)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源汽車(che)的(de)消費(fei)信心(xin)，助(zhu)力行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)長遠發(fa)(fa)展和國家(jia)戰略落地。

注意到(dao)，最終表決通過的《政府工作報告》將此前(qian)“建(jian)設(she)充(chong)電樁(zhuang)”的表述修改為“增加充(chong)電樁(zhuang)、換電站等(deng)設(she)施”。

在全生明看來，換(huan)電(dian)(dian)站作為新基建的重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分(fen)第一(yi)次(ci)被寫入《政府工作報告》，一(yi)方(fang)面意味著國(guo)家(jia)對換(huan)電(dian)(dian)技術創新的認可，對車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)分(fen)離發(fa)展道(dao)路的肯定；另一(yi)方(fang)面,就電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)使(shi)用而言(yan)，換(huan)電(dian)(dian)不(bu)僅是相同規格電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的快速更換(huan)，更緩(huan)解(jie)了(le)當下電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)補能速度慢、續航不(bu)可升級、二手(shou)車(che)(che)殘值低等問題(ti)。

他認為，根據(ju)目前(qian)行(xing)(xing)業整體(ti)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)情況及(ji)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)變革趨勢判斷(duan)，未來充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業將向規(gui)模化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、互(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、網(wang)(wang)聯化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、共(gong)享化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)向發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。首先(xian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業在一(yi)定(ding)程度(du)上具有網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)經濟(ji)的特點，平(ping)臺(tai)效應(ying)、規(gui)模效應(ying)突出，目前(qian)已(yi)經形(xing)成國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、特來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、星(xing)星(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等大型運(yun)營(ying)商(shang)(shang)為主(zhu)導、中小微運(yun)營(ying)商(shang)(shang)為補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的市場格局，未來有望進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮平(ping)臺(tai)整合作用(yong)(yong)，促(cu)進不同(tong)運(yun)營(ying)商(shang)(shang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)之間的深(shen)度(du)互(hu)(hu)聯互(hu)(hu)通，打(da)造“全(quan)國充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)張網(wang)(wang)”的格局；其次，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)水(shui)平(ping)的不斷(duan)提升(sheng)，進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)引導充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)向智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)向發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，以即插即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、大功率充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、自動(dong)(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等為代表的技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新將成為充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的重要驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)力(li)。同(tong)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、網(wang)(wang)聯化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)平(ping)提升(sheng)，將進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)促(cu)進個人樁(zhuang)共(gong)享，提高(gao)社區(qu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)利用(yong)(yong)率、降(jiang)低(di)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)使用(yong)(yong)成本。第(di)三，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)緊密相連，有序(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、V2G、負(fu)荷聚合等車(che)(che)(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)互(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，將進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)挖掘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)移動(dong)(dong)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)價值，促(cu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)與智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的深(shen)度(du)融合、互(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)。此外(wai)，利用(yong)(yong)負(fu)荷聚合技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交易，聚合充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷參與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輔(fu)助服務，將推(tui)動(dong)(dong)實現新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源車(che)(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，促(cu)進清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消納，助力(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源轉型。

加快打造“全國充電一張網”

近(jin)期以來，北(bei)京、上(shang)海、江蘇等多個(ge)地方都先后(hou)出臺了充電(dian)樁(zhuang)建設(she)(she)方案(an)。而國網電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)公(gong)司也在加(jia)碼布局這一賽(sai)道，今年(nian)將安排(pai)27億元投資充電(dian)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)，新(xin)增充電(dian)樁(zhuang)7.8萬個(ge)。

“爭做投資建設的帶動(dong)者，主動(dong)對接各地(di)方新能源(yuan)汽車產業發展需求，持(chi)續(xu)完(wan)善公(gong)共、專用充(chong)電(dian)設施(shi)建設布局，加快社區(qu)智能有序(xu)充(chong)電(dian)設施(shi)發展，多措并舉(ju)引導(dao)社會資本積極參與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)設施(shi)建設。” 全(quan)生明表示(shi)。

在加大(da)充(chong)電樁建(jian)(jian)設力(li)度(du)的(de)同時，國(guo)網電動汽車公司還致力(li)于建(jian)(jian)設服(fu)務最(zui)優、接(jie)入最(zui)多、流量最(zui)大(da)的(de)智慧車聯(lian)網平臺，截至(zhi)目前，注冊用戶數(shu)接(jie)近300萬，接(jie)入充(chong)電樁總(zong)數(shu)超過49萬根。更重(zhong)要的(de)是依托這一平臺，廣泛(fan)聚合充(chong)電樁資源，推(tui)(tui)動新能(neng)源汽車深度(du)融入電力(li)系統，創(chuang)新服(fu)務產品與(yu)商(shang)業模式，吸(xi)引行業合作伙(huo)伴共(gong)建(jian)(jian)共(gong)享，構(gou)建(jian)(jian)新能(neng)源汽車服(fu)務生(sheng)態(tai)圈。同時，爭(zheng)做(zuo)技(ji)術創(chuang)新的(de)先行者，搭建(jian)(jian)國(guo)家級充(chong)電技(ji)術創(chuang)新平臺，推(tui)(tui)動充(chong)電設施智能(neng)化、網聯(lian)化發展，攻堅(jian)大(da)功(gong)率(lv)充(chong)電、V2G等關(guan)鍵技(ji)術，牽頭開展行業、國(guo)家、國(guo)際(ji)標準制(zhi)修(xiu)訂，實現標準引領(ling)、技(ji)術引領(ling)。

邀請符合條(tiao)件的(de)合伙人一同共建共享充(chong)電樁(zhuang)，向(xiang)中(zhong)小(xiao)充(chong)電運營(ying)商提(ti)供(gong)運營(ying)平臺，與寶馬(ma)等公(gong)司(si)(si)開啟戰略合作……一系列(lie)不同于以往的(de)動(dong)作背后是國網電動(dong)汽(qi)車公(gong)司(si)(si)全新(xin)的(de)謀(mou)劃。

“這些舉措一是引(yin)導(dao)市場(chang)方向(xiang)，實現各企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)作共(gong)贏；二是盤活市場(chang)資(zi)源(yuan)，帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車新能(neng)源(yuan)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)；三是激勵整個產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)相關行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。”全生明表示，合(he)作建(jian)樁業(ye)務將帶動(dong)基建(jian)施工、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)制造和(he)大數據業(ye)務在橫(heng)向(xiang)和(he)縱向(xiang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，為(wei)培(pei)育(yu)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)生態環境奠定堅實的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。同時，有利于全社會(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)工協作，降低全社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)建(jian)站成(cheng)本，為(wei)中小(xiao)運(yun)營(ying)商進行減負。此外，以平臺作為(wei)樞(shu)紐，整合(he)樁企、運(yun)營(ying)商及充(chong)電(dian)(dian)用戶(hu)資(zi)源(yuan)，降低整個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)成(cheng)本，達到多方面(mian)推動(dong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)市場(chang)向(xiang)好發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，拉動(dong)幕后產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)效(xiao)益增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

【責任編輯：趙藝涵】