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近日，江西省吉安市吉水縣，工人正在高度自動化線路板生產線上生產。廖敏攝（人民視覺）

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利潤關乎中國(guo)經濟(ji)基本盤。國(guo)家統(tong)計(ji)局近日發布(bu)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)顯示，2019年(nian)全國(guo)規模以(yi)上(shang)(shang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實現利潤總額61995.5億元，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)下降(jiang)3.3%。國(guo)家統(tong)計(ji)局工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)司高級統(tong)計(ji)師朱虹認為，雖(sui)然(ran)受市場需求(qiu)不(bu)足、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)品價格下降(jiang)、成本上(shang)(shang)升等因素影響，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利潤有所下降(jiang)，但在國(guo)內外風險挑戰(zhan)明顯上(shang)(shang)升的(de)復雜環境下，2019年(nian)中國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟(ji)扎實推進供(gong)給側結(jie)構性(xing)改革，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)銷售實現增長，效益狀況呈現結(jie)構性(xing)改善。

從企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤看，2019年(nian)，規模以上工業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中，國(guo)有控股(gu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)利(li)潤總(zong)額(e)16355.5億元(yuan)(yuan)，比上年(nian)下(xia)降12.0%；股(gu)份(fen)制企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)利(li)潤總(zong)額(e)45283.9億元(yuan)(yuan)，下(xia)降2.9%；外商及港澳臺商投(tou)資企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)利(li)潤總(zong)額(e)15580.0億元(yuan)(yuan)，下(xia)降3.6%；私營(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)利(li)潤總(zong)額(e)18181.9億元(yuan)(yuan)，增長(chang)2.2%。

從企業營(ying)(ying)收看，2019年(nian)(nian)，規模以上(shang)工業企業實現營(ying)(ying)業收入105.78萬億元，比上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長3.8%；發生營(ying)(ying)業成本88.94萬億元，增(zeng)長4.1%；營(ying)(ying)業收入利潤率為(wei)5.86%，比上(shang)年(nian)(nian)降低0.43個百分(fen)點。

從企業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)產看，2019年(nian)末，規模(mo)以上(shang)(shang)工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)產總計119.14萬億(yi)元，比上(shang)(shang)年(nian)末增長5.8%；負債(zhai)合計67.39萬億(yi)元，增長5.4%；資(zi)(zi)產負債(zhai)率為56.6%，比上(shang)(shang)年(nian)末降低(di)0.2個(ge)百分點。

朱(zhu)虹(hong)認為，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)下降(jiang)受多重因(yin)素(su)影響：工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產品銷售增速(su)(su)回(hui)落(luo)，主要是原材料、用(yong)工(gong)(gong)成本上(shang)(shang)(shang)升；鋼(gang)鐵(tie)、石化(hua)、汽車等重點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)下降(jiang)拉(la)動作用(yong)明顯，2019年(nian)，鋼(gang)鐵(tie)、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、汽車、石油加工(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)比(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)分別下降(jiang)37.6%、25.6%、15.9%和42.5%，合計影響規(gui)模(mo)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)增速(su)(su)比(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)下降(jiang)7.4個百分點(dian)；個別行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)及(ji)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)2019年(nian)大幅計提資(zi)產減值損失，影響規(gui)模(mo)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)增速(su)(su)比(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)下降(jiang)1.2個百分點(dian)。

“盡管2019年工業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)(run)有所下降，但工業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)效益(yi)(yi)呈現結構(gou)性改善(shan)(shan)。”朱虹介(jie)紹，效益(yi)(yi)結構(gou)的(de)改善(shan)(shan)主要表(biao)現在(zai)高(gao)(gao)技術制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)戰略性新(xin)(xin)興(xing)(xing)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)(run)保(bao)持增(zeng)長(chang)。2019年，高(gao)(gao)技術制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)戰略性新(xin)(xin)興(xing)(xing)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)(run)比(bi)上年分(fen)(fen)別(bie)增(zeng)長(chang)4.8%和(he)(he)3.0%，明(ming)顯好于規模以上工業(ye)(ye)(ye)平均水平；高(gao)(gao)技術制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)戰略性新(xin)(xin)興(xing)(xing)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)(run)占全(quan)部(bu)規模以上工業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)(run)比(bi)重比(bi)上年分(fen)(fen)別(bie)提高(gao)(gao)1.2和(he)(he)1.6個百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)。

工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)效益(yi)結構改善還(huan)表現(xian)為(wei)私營(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)小型(xing)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)保持(chi)(chi)(chi)增(zeng)長(chang)、利(li)潤(run)保持(chi)(chi)(chi)增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)較多。“近年來，國(guo)家(jia)出臺了(le)(le)減稅降費(fei)、簡政(zheng)放權、創新支持(chi)(chi)(chi)、金(jin)融扶持(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)一系列(lie)促進民營(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)小微企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展的(de)(de)政(zheng)策措施(shi)，為(wei)民營(ying)小微企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展創造了(le)(le)良好(hao)環境。”朱虹說，“2019年，私營(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)小型(xing)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)比上年分別增(zeng)長(chang)2.2%和(he)5.0%，呈現(xian)穩定增(zeng)長(chang)態勢(shi)。”朱虹還(huan)介紹，2019年，在(zai)41個(ge)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大類行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中，28個(ge)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)比上年增(zeng)加，占比超過六成。其中9個(ge)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)增(zeng)速超過兩位數，電(dian)力熱力生(sheng)產和(he)供應業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、電(dian)氣機械和(he)器(qi)材制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、專用(yong)設備制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、酒飲料和(he)精制(zhi)茶(cha)制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)4個(ge)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合計(ji)拉動規模以上工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)比上年增(zeng)長(chang)2.3個(ge)百分點(dian)。（記(ji)者 孔德晨(chen)）

【責任編輯：趙藝涵】