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當前，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟已由(you)高速(su)增長階段(duan)轉(zhuan)向高質量發(fa)展階段(duan)，正(zheng)處在(zai)轉(zhuan)變發(fa)展方式、優(you)化經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟結(jie)構、轉(zhuan)換增長動(dong)力(li)的(de)攻關期。實體(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟是經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展的(de)根基(ji)，事(shi)關改(gai)革(ge)和發(fa)展的(de)全(quan)局(ju)。黨的(de)十(shi)九(jiu)大報告(gao)提出，建設現代(dai)化經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟體(ti)系，必(bi)須把發(fa)展經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟的(de)著(zhu)力(li)點放在(zai)實體(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟上，把提高供(gong)給(gei)體(ti)系質量作為主攻方向，顯著(zhu)增強我(wo)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟質量優(you)勢。這(zhe)不僅為振興實體(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟指明了方向，也(ye)廓(kuo)清了中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟轉(zhuan)型升級(ji)的(de)路徑。

作為農業大國(guo)和制造業大國(guo)，實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)是(shi)我國(guo)市場的(de)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，也是(shi)國(guo)民經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)基(ji)石。改革開放40年來，我國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發展交出亮麗成績單，從根(gen)本上說是(shi)得益(yi)于實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)。未來，推動(dong)我國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)實(shi)(shi)現高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)發展，同(tong)樣(yang)也離不(bu)開實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)支撐。我們(men)(men)是(shi)靠(kao)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)起家(jia)的(de)，也要靠(kao)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)走向未來。當前(qian)和今(jin)后一個時期，我們(men)(men)必須以“咬定(ding)青(qing)山不(bu)放松”的(de)決心(xin)振興實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)，從產品、企(qi)業、市場、體(ti)(ti)(ti)制等層面入手(shou)，建設(she)支撐高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)發展的(de)現代產業體(ti)(ti)(ti)系，提高(gao)(gao)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)效益(yi)，讓實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)真正實(shi)(shi)起來、興起來。

第一(yi)，提升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，抓住消費(fei)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級機遇。振興(xing)實體經(jing)濟，關鍵(jian)在(zai)于提高(gao)供(gong)給質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)效益(yi)。要適應(ying)消費(fei)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級的(de)需要，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)和全面質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理，提升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)附(fu)(fu)加(jia)值(zhi)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，為社會提供(gong)更多高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、高(gao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和服務。在(zai)這一(yi)過程中，要堅持技術(shu)(shu)立(li)本。加(jia)大(da)(da)科(ke)技創(chuang)新(xin)投入，縮短科(ke)技成果商業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和社會化(hua)(hua)(hua)周(zhou)期(qi)，提高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)科(ke)技附(fu)(fu)加(jia)值(zhi)。充(chong)分利(li)用大(da)(da)數據、互聯網等新(xin)技術(shu)(shu)準(zhun)確分析市場(chang)供(gong)給與需求情況，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)創(chuang)意創(chuang)新(xin)設計，不斷(duan)推(tui)出符合國內國際(ji)市場(chang)需求變化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)新(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、新(xin)服務。要堅持品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)身。建立(li)健全產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)技術(shu)(shu)標準(zhun)體系(xi)，全面實施(shi)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)戰略，加(jia)快標準(zhun)強(qiang)(qiang)企、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)強(qiang)(qiang)企、品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌強(qiang)(qiang)企建設。建立(li)完善產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)保障體系(xi)，健全質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)責任追(zhui)究制(zhi)度，在(zai)國際(ji)市場(chang)樹立(li)中國產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)良好形(xing)象。此外，還要大(da)(da)力弘(hong)揚(yang)“工(gong)匠(jiang)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)”，厚(hou)植(zhi)工(gong)匠(jiang)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)，培(pei)育(yu)一(yi)大(da)(da)批精(jing)(jing)益(yi)求精(jing)(jing)、不斷(duan)創(chuang)新(xin)工(gong)藝(yi)、改(gai)進產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)現代(dai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)工(gong)人，把產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)做成精(jing)(jing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，助力高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和服務的(de)供(gong)給。

第二，用好企(qi)(qi)(qi)業主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)，提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)整體(ti)競爭(zheng)力(li)(li)。振興實體(ti)經(jing)濟，企(qi)(qi)(qi)業必須內練筋骨，從提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)展質量入手，完善(shan)(shan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業制度，提(ti)高自主(zhu)(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin)能力(li)(li)和經(jing)營(ying)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)水平，努力(li)(li)推動(dong)中國制造(zao)向(xiang)中國創(chuang)造(zao)轉變。一方(fang)面(mian)，要完善(shan)(shan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業制度。通過建立完善(shan)(shan)的公司治理(li)(li)(li)結構(gou)，為企(qi)(qi)(qi)業發(fa)展保(bao)駕護航。另一方(fang)面(mian)，還要加強管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)創(chuang)新(xin)。運用科學管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)法，提(ti)高企(qi)(qi)(qi)業決(jue)策和經(jing)營(ying)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)水平，簡化生(sheng)產流程，提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)供(gong)應鏈協(xie)調(diao)能力(li)(li)，在保(bao)障質量前提(ti)下(xia)降低生(sheng)產成(cheng)本，實現(xian)提(ti)質增效。此外，還要加強企(qi)(qi)(qi)業之間(jian)的競爭(zheng)合作，促(cu)進(jin)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、技(ji)術(shu)、人才、資金優(you)勢相融合，整合優(you)勢資源，提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業整體(ti)競爭(zheng)力(li)(li)。

第三，優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)市(shi)場(chang)建設(she)，增強(qiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)能力。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)是(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根基，金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)是(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)血脈，為實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)立業(ye)之本。近(jin)年來，我國(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)業(ye)取得長足發(fa)展，但總體(ti)(ti)(ti)上看(kan)，金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資(zi)源配置、振興實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用尚(shang)未充分發(fa)揮，金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)還不高。在這一過程中，金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)業(ye)既要(yao)聚焦主業(ye)、強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，還要(yao)轉變方式(shi)、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)結構，從而(er)更好(hao)地(di)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)。一是(shi)優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)源配置，增強(qiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)針對性(xing)和(he)有效(xiao)性(xing)。緊(jin)緊(jin)圍繞國(guo)家重(zhong)大戰略(lve)、重(zhong)點項(xiang)目、關鍵(jian)領域(yu)和(he)薄弱(ruo)環節(jie)集聚金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)源，積(ji)極(ji)發(fa)展普惠金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)、綠色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)，矯正要(yao)素(su)資(zi)源錯配，著力解(jie)決實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)難融(rong)(rong)資(zi)貴問題。二是(shi)推動金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)創(chuang)新(xin)，不斷開發(fa)新(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品和(he)新(xin)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品和(he)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方式(shi)是(shi)否符合(he)市(shi)場(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)，對提高金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)有著重(zhong)要(yao)影(ying)響(xiang)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)機構應(ying)從戰略(lve)高度做好(hao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品和(he)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)工作(zuo)，既要(yao)改造提升原有產(chan)(chan)(chan)品，又要(yao)重(zhong)視創(chuang)造新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品；既要(yao)創(chuang)新(xin)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方式(shi)、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系，又要(yao)提高服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)覆蓋率(lv)和(he)便捷度，積(ji)極(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)“量體(ti)(ti)(ti)裁衣”式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品和(he)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),滿足實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)對金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品和(he)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、個性(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)需(xu)求(qiu)。三是(shi)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)考(kao)核機制，增強(qiang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性(xing)。建議完(wan)善(shan)(shan)國(guo)有商(shang)業(ye)銀(yin)行和(he)政策性(xing)銀(yin)行績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)考(kao)核標準，將服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成效(xiao)作(zuo)為評(ping)價(jia)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)指標，增強(qiang)全體(ti)(ti)(ti)員工服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性(xing)、主動性(xing)和(he)創(chuang)造性(xing)。

第四(si)，完(wan)善體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，營造良好發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)環(huan)境(jing)。良好環(huan)境(jing)是發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟的重要(yao)(yao)前提和有效保障。要(yao)(yao)按照供(gong)給側(ce)結構性改(gai)(gai)(gai)革要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)統籌協調(diao)，建立健全相關體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，破除要(yao)(yao)素市(shi)場(chang)化配(pei)置(zhi)障礙(ai)，降(jiang)低(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度性交易成(cheng)本(ben)，推(tui)動(dong)政策、資金、技術、人才(cai)等要(yao)(yao)素匯聚(ju)到發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟的大(da)潮(chao)中(zhong)。比如(ru)，要(yao)(yao)深化“放管服”改(gai)(gai)(gai)革，圍繞提高全要(yao)(yao)素生產(chan)率、增強(qiang)創(chuang)新活力(li)，開展(zhan)降(jiang)稅清費工作，引導更(geng)多資金、土地等要(yao)(yao)素資源投入工業(ye)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造業(ye)領域(yu)，支(zhi)持(chi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)；要(yao)(yao)完(wan)善有利于促進公(gong)平(ping)競(jing)爭的規(gui)則體系，完(wan)善物權(quan)、合同(tong)、知識產(chan)權(quan)相關法律制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)各(ge)種所(suo)有制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企業(ye)和自然人財產(chan)權(quan)的保護；要(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)大(da)人才(cai)培(pei)養力(li)度，完(wan)善人才(cai)激(ji)勵(li)評價機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，激(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)人才(cai)創(chuang)造創(chuang)新活力(li)；要(yao)(yao)推(tui)進土地、人力(li)資本(ben)、資金、科技等領域(yu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革，消除要(yao)(yao)素自由流動(dong)的體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)障礙(ai)，等等。與此同(tong)時，還要(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)快財政金融體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革，落實(shi)(shi)(shi)財稅支(zhi)持(chi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)體經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟的相關政策，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)金融監管，提高實(shi)(shi)(shi)體經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)能力(li)和國(guo)際競(jing)爭能力(li)。（殷瑞航(hang) 成(cheng)丕(pi)德）

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