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加快(kuai)新(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能轉換是新(xin)時代破解我國(guo)經(jing)濟發展難(nan)題的(de)必然(ran)選擇，也是順利實現經(jing)濟發展階(jie)段轉變的(de)關鍵所在(zai)。在(zai)新(xin)時代背景下，我們(men)要堅(jian)持新(xin)發展理念，增強主動(dong)意識和(he)緊迫(po)感，立(li)足“深化改(gai)革、重(zhong)視規劃、改(gai)善調控”三個重(zhong)要方面(mian)，確保新(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能轉換步伐更穩(wen)、動(dong)力更足、質量更優。

中國(guo)特色社會主(zhu)義(yi)進入了(le)新(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)，我(wo)國(guo)經濟發(fa)(fa)展也進入了(le)新(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)。新(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)面臨新(xin)(xin)挑戰(zhan)。新(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)不(bu)暢是當(dang)前(qian)(qian)我(wo)國(guo)宏觀(guan)經濟運行(xing)面臨的一(yi)(yi)個重(zhong)要挑戰(zhan)。習近平總書記強調，中國(guo)如果不(bu)走創新(xin)(xin)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)展道路，新(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)順(shun)利轉(zhuan)換(huan)，就不(bu)能(neng)真正強大起來。這為當(dang)前(qian)(qian)和今后一(yi)(yi)個時(shi)(shi)(shi)期走創新(xin)(xin)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)展道路，推動(dong)(dong)新(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)順(shun)利轉(zhuan)換(huan)，指明了(le)方向(xiang)和路徑。

新舊動能轉換是大勢所趨

當前，我國經濟(ji)已由高速增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)階(jie)(jie)段轉向高質量發展(zhan)階(jie)(jie)段，正處在轉變(bian)(bian)發展(zhan)方(fang)式、優(you)化(hua)經濟(ji)結構、轉換增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)動力的(de)攻關期。加快新(xin)舊(jiu)動能轉換，既是(shi)(shi)新(xin)時代(dai)破解(jie)我國經濟(ji)發展(zhan)難題的(de)必(bi)然選擇(ze)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)順利(li)實現經濟(ji)發展(zhan)階(jie)(jie)段轉變(bian)(bian)的(de)關鍵所在。

其一，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)新(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換是(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展階段的(de)(de)客觀(guan)需要(yao)(yao)。改(gai)革開(kai)放以來，我國經(jing)(jing)濟建(jian)(jian)設(she)取得了巨大成就，GDP規模位(wei)居(ju)世(shi)(shi)界第(di)二位(wei)，制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)產值位(wei)居(ju)世(shi)(shi)界第(di)一位(wei)，越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)品產量(liang)也(ye)位(wei)居(ju)世(shi)(shi)界第(di)一位(wei)。但與此同(tong)時，我國經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)質量(liang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)卻(que)相對滯后，中高(gao)(gao)端消費(fei)品、關鍵工(gong)業(ye)(ye)品零(ling)部件、核心技術供給相對不足(zu)。去年(nian)中央經(jing)(jing)濟工(gong)作會(hui)(hui)議明確(que)提出，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展是(shi)(shi)當(dang)前和(he)今后一個時期確(que)定發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展思(si)路、制(zhi)定經(jing)(jing)濟政(zheng)策(ce)、實施宏觀(guan)調控的(de)(de)根本要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。從我國經(jing)(jing)濟演(yan)化(hua)升級的(de)(de)歷程來看，舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)曾經(jing)(jing)在規模和(he)數量(liang)追趕過程中發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮了重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作用(yong)，但在新(xin)時代(dai)背景下難以承擔(dan)起提高(gao)(gao)經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展質量(liang)的(de)(de)重(zhong)任，因(yin)此必(bi)須加快新(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換，培(pei)育(yu)符(fu)合高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)新(xin)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)，這(zhe)既是(shi)(shi)保持(chi)經(jing)(jing)濟持(chi)續健康發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)必(bi)然(ran)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)適應我國社會(hui)(hui)主要(yao)(yao)矛盾變化(hua)和(he)全(quan)面建(jian)(jian)成小康社會(hui)(hui)、建(jian)(jian)設(she)社會(hui)(hui)主義現代(dai)化(hua)強國的(de)(de)必(bi)然(ran)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。

其(qi)二，推(tui)動(dong)新(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)轉換(huan)是踐行(xing)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵所在。加(jia)(jia)快新(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)接(jie)續轉換(huan)，是供(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題中之義。解決當前我(wo)國經(jing)濟重(zhong)(zhong)大結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)失衡(heng)，必須從供(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)方面著手(shou)，努力(li)實現供(gong)求關系更高層次上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)態均衡(heng)。近幾年，我(wo)們把“三去一降一補”作為推(tui)進(jin)(jin)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點任務，其(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)目(mu)標導向(xiang)就(jiu)是促進(jin)(jin)經(jing)濟增長新(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)轉換(huan)。從供(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)看，新(xin)動(dong)能(neng)既來(lai)自新(xin)產業(ye)(ye)、新(xin)產品、新(xin)業(ye)(ye)態等新(xin)興產業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成長，也來(lai)自傳統(tong)產業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)化升級。當前，供(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點放(fang)在“破”“立”“降”上，大力(li)破除無效供(gong)給(gei)(gei)；同時，著力(li)培育新(xin)動(dong)能(neng)，擴大有效供(gong)給(gei)(gei)，以(yi)提(ti)升整個供(gong)給(gei)(gei)體系質量，提(ti)高供(gong)給(gei)(gei)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)對需求結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性(xing)。加(jia)(jia)快新(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)轉換(huan)，已成為推(tui)進(jin)(jin)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)戰略舉(ju)措。

其三，推動新(xin)舊動能轉換(huan)是構建現(xian)代(dai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的必(bi)經(jing)之路。黨的十九大提(ti)出了(le)建設實體(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)、科(ke)技創(chuang)新(xin)、現(xian)代(dai)金(jin)融、人力資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)協同發(fa)(fa)展的產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的目標。從(cong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)視角(jiao)看，新(xin)舊動能轉換(huan)的過(guo)程主要體(ti)(ti)現(xian)為(wei)新(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)替代(dai)舊產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)的過(guo)程。通過(guo)新(xin)舊動能轉換(huan)，既要改造(zao)提(ti)升鋼鐵、能源(yuan)(yuan)、紡織(zhi)等(deng)(deng)傳統產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)，還(huan)要大力培育網絡經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)、數字經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)、分(fen)享經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)，著力加快建設實體(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)、科(ke)技創(chuang)新(xin)、現(xian)代(dai)金(jin)融、人力資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)協同發(fa)(fa)展的產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，推動新(xin)技術、新(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)、新(xin)業(ye)態蓬(peng)勃發(fa)(fa)展，為(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結構順利(li)轉型升級(ji)提(ti)供有效支(zhi)撐。

關鍵要找準三個著力點

在新(xin)(xin)時代背(bei)景下(xia)，推動(dong)新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)工作，面臨的(de)困難更多更大、挑戰更為嚴峻。我們(men)要堅持新(xin)(xin)發(fa)展理念，增強主動(dong)意識和(he)緊迫(po)感，立(li)足(zu)“深化改革、重視規劃、改善調控”三(san)個(ge)重要方(fang)面，確保新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)步(bu)伐更穩、動(dong)力更足(zu)、質量更優。

第(di)一，改(gai)(gai)革(ge)到位(wei)(wei)，為(wei)新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換提(ti)供良好的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)基礎。改(gai)(gai)革(ge)是(shi)(shi)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換的(de)重要(yao)(yao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)。我國發展到現在這個階(jie)段，不靠改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換就沒有(you)出路(lu)。我國擁(yong)有(you)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)數(shu)量(liang)最多、素(su)質(zhi)較高(gao)的(de)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)，有(you)最大規模的(de)科技和(he)(he)專(zhuan)業技能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)才(cai)隊(dui)伍，蘊藏著巨大的(de)增長(chang)潛(qian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。馬克(ke)思主(zhu)義政治經(jing)(jing)濟學告訴我們，生產關(guan)系只(zhi)有(you)通過(guo)不斷改(gai)(gai)革(ge)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)適(shi)應生產力(li)發展的(de)要(yao)(yao)求。因此，經(jing)(jing)濟新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換不到位(wei)(wei)，本質(zhi)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)不到位(wei)(wei)。要(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)中央要(yao)(yao)求，持續深化商事(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)、投融(rong)(rong)資體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、財稅體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、金融(rong)(rong)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、價格(ge)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、要(yao)(yao)素(su)市場化配置(zhi)、科技體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、包(bao)容審慎監管等領域的(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，用政府權力(li)的(de)“減法”，換取市場活(huo)力(li)的(de)“乘法”，破解(jie)經(jing)(jing)濟發展和(he)(he)結構失衡難題，大力(li)發展新(xin)(xin)興產業，改(gai)(gai)造提(ti)升(sheng)傳統產業，提(ti)高(gao)供給體(ti)(ti)系質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)(he)效率(lv)，切實讓市場在新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換進(jin)程(cheng)中發揮決定性作用。改(gai)(gai)革(ge)只(zhi)有(you)進(jin)行(xing)時(shi)，沒有(you)完成時(shi)。要(yao)(yao)樹立正(zheng)確的(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)觀，堅持實踐是(shi)(shi)檢驗(yan)真(zhen)理的(de)唯(wei)一標準(zhun)，聚(ju)小、聚(ju)微、聚(ju)實，讓實踐成為(wei)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)完善(shan)新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)，確保改(gai)(gai)革(ge)“無(wu)(wu)死角、無(wu)(wu)短板、無(wu)(wu)停(ting)滯”，為(wei)新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換提(ti)供良好的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)環(huan)境。

第二，規(gui)劃(hua)到位(wei)，為新舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)提供良好的(de)(de)發(fa)展布局。黨(dang)的(de)(de)十九(jiu)大報告提出，發(fa)揮國家發(fa)展規(gui)劃(hua)的(de)(de)戰略(lve)(lve)導向作(zuo)用，健全(quan)財政(zheng)、貨幣(bi)、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、區(qu)域等經濟政(zheng)策協調機制(zhi)(zhi)。這再次強化(hua)(hua)了規(gui)劃(hua)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要地位(wei)。充分(fen)發(fa)揮規(gui)劃(hua)在新舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)中的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，有(you)利于(yu)保持戰略(lve)(lve)定力，優化(hua)(hua)新舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)路徑，確保一張藍圖繪到底。要堅持頂層(ceng)設計(ji)與(yu)分(fen)項規(gui)劃(hua)相(xiang)(xiang)結合原(yuan)則，加強規(gui)劃(hua)統(tong)籌管理(li)，構建(jian)層(ceng)面分(fen)明、功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)清晰、相(xiang)(xiang)互協調的(de)(de)新舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)規(gui)劃(hua)體系，確保各種(zhong)規(gui)劃(hua)銜接到位(wei)，提升規(gui)劃(hua)的(de)(de)系統(tong)性。瞄(miao)準新舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)(de)薄弱環節(jie)，通過宏觀(guan)引(yin)導，切(qie)實把資源配(pei)置重(zhong)心向新舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)傾(qing)斜，提前謀劃(hua)新舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)重(zhong)大項目建(jian)設，重(zhong)點支持傳統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)優化(hua)(hua)升級(ji)，加快發(fa)展現代(dai)服務業(ye)(ye)(ye)，促進(jin)我國產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)邁向全(quan)球價(jia)值鏈(lian)中高端(duan)，培(pei)育若干世界級(ji)先進(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)集群。

第三，調(diao)控(kong)到位，為(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)提供良好的資源保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。科學有(you)效的宏(hong)(hong)觀(guan)調(diao)控(kong)是(shi)完善社會主(zhu)義市(shi)場經濟體(ti)制、提升國家治(zhi)理體(ti)系(xi)和治(zhi)理能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)現(xian)代(dai)化水平的必然要(yao)求(qiu)，也(ye)是(shi)順(shun)利推進(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)的必要(yao)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。要(yao)加(jia)(jia)快形成適應(ying)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)的宏(hong)(hong)觀(guan)調(diao)控(kong)體(ti)系(xi)，堅(jian)持“宏(hong)(hong)觀(guan)調(diao)控(kong)有(you)度”，把“有(you)效市(shi)場”和“有(you)為(wei)政府”更好結合起來(lai)，更多(duo)運用價格、稅收等市(shi)場化法治(zhi)化手段(duan)促進(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)。當前，要(yao)把推進(jin)供給側(ce)結構性(xing)改(gai)革作為(wei)宏(hong)(hong)觀(guan)調(diao)控(kong)的主(zhu)線，重點支持大數(shu)據發展行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)代(dai)人工智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)研發應(ying)用、“互聯網+”、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產業，鼓勵運用新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)業態(tai)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)模式，大力(li)(li)改(gai)造提升傳統(tong)產業，著(zhu)力(li)(li)攻克計(ji)算機芯片、集成電路、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)材料等領域(yu)關鍵技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，確保(bao)(bao)投入到新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)領域(yu)的資源只增(zeng)不減。要(yao)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)運用大數(shu)據、云計(ji)算等現(xian)代(dai)信(xin)息技(ji)(ji)術(shu)手段(duan)，加(jia)(jia)快統(tong)計(ji)體(ti)系(xi)改(gai)革，持續(xu)分析、判(pan)斷(duan)、評估新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)的特點、水平、潛(qian)力(li)(li)及對新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的貢獻和影響，加(jia)(jia)強定向調(diao)控(kong)、相機調(diao)控(kong)、精準調(diao)控(kong)，確保(bao)(bao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)始終在健康的軌道上穩步前行(xing)。（宋(song)瑞禮(li)）

【責任編輯：語謙】