文章來(lai)源：經濟日報 發布時間：2019-05-17
加(jia)快新(xin)舊動(dong)能轉換是(shi)新(xin)時代破解我(wo)國經(jing)濟發(fa)展難題的必然選擇，也是(shi)順(shun)利實現經(jing)濟發(fa)展階段轉變(bian)的關鍵所在(zai)。在(zai)新(xin)時代背景下，我(wo)們要(yao)堅持新(xin)發(fa)展理念，增強主動(dong)意識和緊迫感，立足“深化(hua)改革、重(zhong)視規(gui)劃(hua)、改善調控”三個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)方(fang)面(mian)，確保新(xin)舊動(dong)能轉換步伐更穩(wen)、動(dong)力更足、質量(liang)更優。
中國(guo)特色社會主義進入了(le)新(xin)時(shi)(shi)代，我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)也進入了(le)新(xin)時(shi)(shi)代。新(xin)時(shi)(shi)代面臨新(xin)挑戰。新(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)不暢是當(dang)前我(wo)國(guo)宏觀經(jing)濟運行面臨的一個重要挑戰。習(xi)近平總書記強調，中國(guo)如(ru)果不走(zou)創新(xin)驅動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan)道路(lu)，新(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)不能(neng)(neng)順利轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)，就不能(neng)(neng)真(zhen)正強大起來。這為(wei)當(dang)前和今(jin)后一個時(shi)(shi)期走(zou)創新(xin)驅動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan)道路(lu)，推動(dong)新(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)順利轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)，指明了(le)方向和路(lu)徑。
新舊動能轉換是大勢所趨
當前，我國經濟(ji)已由高速增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)階段(duan)(duan)轉向高質量發展階段(duan)(duan)，正處在轉變發展方式(shi)、優化經濟(ji)結構、轉換增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)動(dong)(dong)力的(de)攻關(guan)期。加快新舊動(dong)(dong)能轉換，既是(shi)新時代破解我國經濟(ji)發展難題的(de)必(bi)然選擇(ze)，也是(shi)順(shun)利實現經濟(ji)發展階段(duan)(duan)轉變的(de)關(guan)鍵所在。
其一，推動(dong)新(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)是(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向高質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階段(duan)的(de)(de)客觀需要(yao)。改(gai)革開放以來，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)建設取得了(le)巨大成就(jiu)，GDP規模位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)居世(shi)界(jie)第(di)二位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，制造業產值位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)居世(shi)界(jie)第(di)一位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，越來越多的(de)(de)工業品產量(liang)也位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)居世(shi)界(jie)第(di)一位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。但與此同時，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)建設卻相對滯后(hou)，中(zhong)(zhong)高端消費品、關鍵工業品零部件(jian)、核心技術(shu)供給相對不足。去(qu)年中(zhong)(zhong)央經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)工作會議明確(que)提(ti)出，推動(dong)高質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)當前和今后(hou)一個時期確(que)定發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)思路、制定經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)政(zheng)策(ce)、實施宏觀調控的(de)(de)根本要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。從(cong)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)演化升級的(de)(de)歷程來看，舊(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)曾經(jing)(jing)(jing)在規模和數量(liang)追趕過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)揮了(le)重(zhong)要(yao)作用，但在新(xin)時代(dai)(dai)背景下難以承擔起提(ti)高經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)重(zhong)任，因(yin)此必須(xu)加快(kuai)新(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)，培育符合高質(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)新(xin)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)，這既是(shi)(shi)保持經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)持續健(jian)康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)必然要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，也是(shi)(shi)適應我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)社(she)會主要(yao)矛盾變(bian)化和全面建成小康社(she)會、建設社(she)會主義現代(dai)(dai)化強國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)必然要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。
其(qi)二，推動新(xin)舊動能(neng)轉換是踐行供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵所(suo)在。加(jia)快新(xin)舊動能(neng)接續轉換，是供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)題中(zhong)之義。解決當(dang)前(qian)我國(guo)經濟(ji)重(zhong)大結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)失衡，必須從供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)方面著(zhu)手，努力實現供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)求關系更(geng)高層(ceng)次(ci)上的(de)(de)(de)動態均(jun)衡。近幾年，我們把“三去一降(jiang)一補(bu)”作為推進(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點任(ren)務(wu)，其(qi)重(zhong)要(yao)目(mu)標導(dao)向就是促進(jin)經濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)新(xin)舊動能(neng)轉換。從供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側看(kan)，新(xin)動能(neng)既(ji)來自新(xin)產(chan)業、新(xin)產(chan)品(pin)、新(xin)業態等新(xin)興產(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)長(chang)，也來自傳統產(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)優化升級。當(dang)前(qian)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點放(fang)在“破”“立(li)”“降(jiang)”上，大力破除無效供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)；同(tong)時，著(zhu)力培育新(xin)動能(neng)，擴(kuo)大有效供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)，以提升整個(ge)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)體系質量(liang)，提高供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)對(dui)需求結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)適應性(xing)。加(jia)快新(xin)舊動能(neng)轉換，已成(cheng)為推進(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)戰略舉措(cuo)。
其(qi)三，推動新(xin)(xin)舊動能(neng)轉換(huan)是構建(jian)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)系的(de)(de)必(bi)經(jing)之(zhi)路。黨的(de)(de)十(shi)九大提出了(le)建(jian)設(she)實體(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)、科技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)、現(xian)(xian)代(dai)金融(rong)、人力(li)資源協(xie)同(tong)(tong)發(fa)展的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)系的(de)(de)目標。從產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)視角(jiao)看，新(xin)(xin)舊動能(neng)轉換(huan)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)主要(yao)體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)為(wei)新(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)替(ti)代(dai)舊產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)。通過(guo)新(xin)(xin)舊動能(neng)轉換(huan)，既要(yao)改造(zao)提升鋼鐵、能(neng)源、紡織(zhi)等傳統產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，還要(yao)大力(li)培育網(wang)絡經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)、數字經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)、分享經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)等新(xin)(xin)興產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，著(zhu)力(li)加快建(jian)設(she)實體(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)、科技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)、現(xian)(xian)代(dai)金融(rong)、人力(li)資源協(xie)同(tong)(tong)發(fa)展的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)系，推動新(xin)(xin)技(ji)術、新(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、新(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)蓬勃發(fa)展，為(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結構順利轉型升級提供有效支撐。
關鍵要找準三個著力點
在新(xin)時代背景(jing)下，推動(dong)新(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換工(gong)作，面(mian)臨的困(kun)難更(geng)(geng)多更(geng)(geng)大、挑(tiao)戰更(geng)(geng)為嚴峻(jun)。我們要堅持新(xin)發展理念(nian)，增強主動(dong)意識和緊迫感，立足(zu)“深化改革、重(zhong)視規劃(hua)、改善調控”三個重(zhong)要方(fang)面(mian)，確保(bao)新(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換步伐更(geng)(geng)穩(wen)、動(dong)力更(geng)(geng)足(zu)、質量更(geng)(geng)優。
第(di)一(yi)，改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)到位(wei)，為新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)提(ti)供良好(hao)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)基礎。改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)。我國發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到現在這(zhe)個階段，不靠改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)就(jiu)沒有出路(lu)。我國擁有世界上數(shu)量最多、素質(zhi)較(jiao)高的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)，有最大規模的(de)科技和專業技能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)才隊伍(wu)，蘊(yun)藏(zang)著巨大的(de)增長潛(qian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。馬(ma)克思主義政治經(jing)(jing)濟學告(gao)訴(su)我們，生(sheng)產關系只(zhi)有通過不斷改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)適應生(sheng)產力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求。因此(ci)，經(jing)(jing)濟新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)不到位(wei)，本質(zhi)上是(shi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)不到位(wei)。要(yao)(yao)按照中(zhong)(zhong)央要(yao)(yao)求，持續深化(hua)商(shang)事制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、投(tou)融資體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、財稅體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、金融體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、價格體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、要(yao)(yao)素市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)配置、科技體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、包容(rong)審(shen)慎監管(guan)等(deng)領域的(de)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，用政府權力(li)的(de)“減法(fa)”，換(huan)取市場(chang)(chang)活(huo)力(li)的(de)“乘法(fa)”，破解經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和結構失衡(heng)難題，大力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)興產業，改(gai)(gai)(gai)造提(ti)升傳統產業，提(ti)高供給(gei)體系質(zhi)量和效率，切實(shi)讓市場(chang)(chang)在新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)進(jin)程中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)揮決定性(xing)作用。改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)只(zhi)有進(jin)行時，沒有完成時。要(yao)(yao)樹立正確的(de)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)觀，堅持實(shi)踐(jian)是(shi)檢驗真(zhen)理的(de)唯一(yi)標(biao)準，聚小、聚微、聚實(shi)，讓實(shi)踐(jian)成為改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)完善新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)，確保改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)“無死(si)角、無短板、無停(ting)滯(zhi)”，為新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)提(ti)供良好(hao)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)環境。
第二，規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)到(dao)位，為新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)提供良好的(de)發(fa)(fa)展布局。黨的(de)十(shi)九大報告提出，發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)國家發(fa)(fa)展規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)的(de)戰(zhan)略導向(xiang)作用(yong)，健(jian)全財政、貨幣、產業(ye)、區域等經濟政策協調(diao)機制。這再次強化(hua)(hua)(hua)了(le)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)的(de)重要(yao)地位。充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)在新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)中的(de)作用(yong)，有利于(yu)保(bao)持(chi)戰(zhan)略定力(li)，優化(hua)(hua)(hua)新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)路徑，確保(bao)一張藍(lan)圖(tu)繪到(dao)底。要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)頂層設計與分項(xiang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)相(xiang)結合原則，加(jia)強規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)統(tong)籌管理，構建層面分明(ming)、功能(neng)清晰、相(xiang)互(hu)協調(diao)的(de)新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)體系，確保(bao)各種(zhong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)銜(xian)接到(dao)位，提升(sheng)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)的(de)系統(tong)性。瞄準新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)薄弱環節(jie)，通過宏觀引導，切實把(ba)資源配置(zhi)重心向(xiang)新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)傾(qing)斜，提前謀劃(hua)新(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)重大項(xiang)目建設，重點支持(chi)傳統(tong)產業(ye)優化(hua)(hua)(hua)升(sheng)級，加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)(fa)展現(xian)代服(fu)務業(ye)，促進(jin)我國產業(ye)邁向(xiang)全球(qiu)價值鏈中高端，培育若(ruo)干(gan)世界級先(xian)進(jin)制造業(ye)集群。
第三，調(diao)(diao)(diao)控到(dao)位，為新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)提供良好的(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)保(bao)障。科(ke)學有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)宏(hong)觀調(diao)(diao)(diao)控是完善(shan)社會主(zhu)義市場經濟(ji)體(ti)制、提升國家治理(li)體(ti)系和(he)(he)治理(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力現代化(hua)水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)必然要(yao)求，也是順利(li)推進(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)保(bao)障。要(yao)加快形成適(shi)應新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)宏(hong)觀調(diao)(diao)(diao)控體(ti)系，堅持“宏(hong)觀調(diao)(diao)(diao)控有(you)(you)度”，把“有(you)(you)效(xiao)市場”和(he)(he)“有(you)(you)為政府”更好結合起來，更多運用(yong)價(jia)格(ge)、稅收(shou)等(deng)市場化(hua)法治化(hua)手(shou)段促(cu)進(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)。當前，要(yao)把推進(jin)供給側結構性改(gai)(gai)革作為宏(hong)觀調(diao)(diao)(diao)控的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)線，重點支持大數據發展行動、新(xin)(xin)(xin)一代人工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)研(yan)發應用(yong)、“互聯網+”、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產業(ye)，鼓勵(li)運用(yong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)技術(shu)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)態、新(xin)(xin)(xin)模式，大力改(gai)(gai)造提升傳統產業(ye)，著力攻克計算(suan)機芯片、集(ji)成電(dian)路、新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)材(cai)料等(deng)領域(yu)關鍵技術(shu)，確(que)保(bao)投入到(dao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)只(zhi)增不減(jian)。要(yao)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)運用(yong)大數據、云(yun)計算(suan)等(deng)現代信息技術(shu)手(shou)段，加快統計體(ti)系改(gai)(gai)革，持續分析、判(pan)斷、評估新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)特點、水(shui)平、潛力及對新(xin)(xin)(xin)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)貢獻(xian)和(he)(he)影響，加強定(ding)向調(diao)(diao)(diao)控、相機調(diao)(diao)(diao)控、精(jing)準調(diao)(diao)(diao)控，確(que)保(bao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)舊(jiu)(jiu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)始終在(zai)健康的(de)(de)(de)軌(gui)道(dao)上穩步(bu)前行。（宋瑞禮(li)）
【責任編輯：語謙】