文章來源：學習時(shi)報 發布時(shi)間(jian)：2022-08-17
如果把(ba)(ba)5G網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)、人工智能(neng)、工業(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、物(wu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、數據(ju)中(zhong)心等新(xin)(xin)(xin)一代信(xin)息基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)界定為(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)，那么新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)（以下簡稱(cheng)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)建”）并(bing)非一個全(quan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)事物(wu)。2018年(nian)中(zhong)央(yang)經濟(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)會議提出(chu)：要促進形(xing)成(cheng)強(qiang)(qiang)大(da)國(guo)(guo)內市場，我國(guo)(guo)發展(zhan)現階段(duan)投(tou)資(zi)需求潛力仍然巨大(da)，要發揮(hui)投(tou)資(zi)關鍵作(zuo)用(yong)，加(jia)快5G商用(yong)步(bu)伐(fa)，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)人工智能(neng)、工業(ye)互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、物(wu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)等新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。隨后，在2019年(nian)的(de)政府工作(zuo)報告(gao)中(zhong)提出(chu)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一代信(xin)息基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。2019年(nian)7月30日中(zhong)央(yang)政治局(ju)會議針對下半年(nian)經濟(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)再次強(qiang)(qiang)調，要加(jia)快推(tui)進信(xin)息網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)等新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。甚至，可以把(ba)(ba)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)建”上溯到2008年(nian)國(guo)(guo)際金融(rong)危機(ji)，當時全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)了(le)應對國(guo)(guo)際金融(rong)危機(ji)努力尋求新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)經濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)長點，這極大(da)促進了(le)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一輪科(ke)技和產業(ye)革命(ming)加(jia)速拓展(zhan)，自此(ci)以后上述所謂新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)一直是全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)投(tou)資(zi)和資(zi)本市場追逐的(de)方(fang)向。
在(zai)新(xin)冠肺炎(yan)疫情(qing)沖擊下，近期(qi)中央多(duo)次會(hui)議反復提(ti)及加快“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”，市場也在(zai)高(gao)度(du)關(guan)注(zhu)“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”這個熱點(dian)，有人將其(qi)作為新(xin)的(de)“刺激計劃”。的(de)確(que)，加快“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”有擴(kuo)大內(nei)(nei)需、保證2020年經(jing)(jing)濟增長(chang)目標實(shi)現(xian)這方(fang)面(mian)的(de)功能(neng)，但是，“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”并(bing)不新(xin)，實(shi)際上(shang)更是上(shang)述政策的(de)持續。科學的(de)態度(du)是要(yao)(yao)把(ba)“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”內(nei)(nei)嵌于(yu)我國(guo)高(gao)質量(liang)發展(zhan)的(de)需要(yao)(yao)，使其(qi)客觀(guan)上(shang)發揮了擴(kuo)大內(nei)(nei)需、促進(jin)增長(chang)的(de)作用。具體(ti)而言，新(xin)型基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)應該理解為新(xin)型工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)、新(xin)型城鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)、現(xian)代化(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟體(ti)系的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)，“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)建(jian)”要(yao)(yao)能(neng)夠服(fu)務于(yu)高(gao)質量(liang)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)、高(gao)質量(liang)城鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)戰略，要(yao)(yao)能(neng)夠堅(jian)持供給(gei)側結構性改革，這才能(neng)真(zhen)正服(fu)務于(yu)我國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟高(gao)質量(liang)發展(zhan)，避免回到“大水漫灌”的(de)老路(lu)。
新型基礎設施應是新型工業化的基礎設施，支撐高質量工業化戰略
當前資(zi)本(ben)市場上流行(xing)觀點認為新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)七大(da)領域：5G基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)、特高壓（電力物聯網(wang)）、高鐵（軌(gui)道交通）、充電樁(zhuang)（新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車）、數據中心(xin)（云計算(suan)）、人工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)互聯網(wang)，在此之前，一(yi)(yi)(yi)些技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術研究機(ji)構將新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定義為融合感知、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)、存(cun)儲、計算(suan)、處(chu)理為一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。實際上，這(zhe)些界定雖(sui)然比較具體(ti)，但(dan)內涵(han)還(huan)(huan)過于(yu)狹窄(zhai)，無法真正詮釋新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)全部內涵(han)。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)”應(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)“傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”相(xiang)對應(ying)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)該對應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般就是(shi)(shi)(shi)我們所理解的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路、公(gong)路、機(ji)場、港口城市設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)上是(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)上一(yi)(yi)(yi)輪(lun)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術、電氣技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術、通信技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術等(deng)(deng)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，所謂新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)上疊加了信息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)、數字化(hua)(hua)、網(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)要(yao)求，是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)輪(lun)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術等(deng)(deng)產生和(he)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，也包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)改(gai)造后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。因此，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不僅包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且(qie)還(huan)(huan)應(ying)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)與綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)各類基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；不僅包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)上述(shu)七大(da)領域，還(huan)(huan)應(ying)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)支撐(cheng)不斷深化(hua)(hua)拓(tuo)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)輪(lun)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)產業(ye)(ye)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
由(you)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)是(shi)后(hou)發(fa)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)國(guo)家，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路(lu)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路(lu)，而是(shi)融合(he)了(le)信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路(lu)。在(zai)新(xin)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路(lu)上我國(guo)快速(su)推進(jin)(jin)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程，基于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)理(li)論測(ce)評，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程已(yi)經(jing)(jing)步入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)期。但是(shi)我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程還(huan)(huan)存(cun)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量還(huan)(huan)亟待(dai)(dai)提升。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)各區(qu)域工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，一(yi)(yi)些區(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)。上海、北京、廣東、浙江、江蘇等已(yi)經(jing)(jing)步入到后(hou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)階(jie)段(duan)，但仍有相當數量的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西部省份基本(ben)還(huan)(huan)處于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期。二是(shi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，創(chuang)新(xin)能力和(he)高(gao)(gao)端產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)，鋼鐵、石化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、建(jian)材等行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)產(chan)(chan)能過剩問(wen)題(ti)(ti)突出(chu)并(bing)長(chang)期存(cun)在(zai)，而高(gao)(gao)端產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠和(he)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)價值(zhi)鏈高(gao)(gao)端環節占有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足，自主創(chuang)新(xin)能力還(huan)(huan)有待(dai)(dai)提升。三(san)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)速(su)度(du)與資源環境(jing)承(cheng)載力不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，綠色經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)，14億人口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程，給(gei)資源環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)載提出(chu)了(le)極大(da)(da)挑戰(zhan)。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)十九大(da)(da)報(bao)告提出(chu)我國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟已(yi)由(you)高(gao)(gao)速(su)增長(chang)階(jie)段(duan)轉向高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)階(jie)段(duan)，而經(jing)(jing)濟高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)在(zai)新(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)理(li)念指導(dao)下針對發(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)，與此相適應，我國(guo)新(xin)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路(lu)也需要從(cong)高(gao)(gao)速(su)度(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略轉向高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，針對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，積極推進(jin)(jin)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略。因此，“新(xin)基建(jian)”需要支撐(cheng)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略，針對上述區(qu)域發(fa)展(zhan)、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)綠色發(fa)展(zhan)等方面不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)新(xin)型基礎設施的(de)(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)選(xuan)擇、融資投資、布局(ju)選(xuan)址(zhi)等一(yi)(yi)系列建(jian)設決(jue)策。這意味著(zhu)“新(xin)基建(jian)”絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)今(jin)年短期的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟增長(chang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，而是(shi)“十四五”規劃(hua)乃至我國(guo)全(quan)面建(jian)設社會主義現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)強國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)(da)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。
新型基礎設施應是新型城鎮化的基礎設施，支撐高質量城鎮化戰略
伴(ban)隨著工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)會不斷(duan)推進，這(zhe)是一個現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)普遍(bian)規(gui)律(lv)。隨著我(wo)(wo)國新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)的(de)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，我(wo)(wo)國也開(kai)始不斷(duan)推進新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，2014年(nian)3月(yue)，中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央、國務院印發《國家新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)規(gui)劃（2014—2020年(nian)）》，明確指出緊(jin)緊(jin)圍繞全面提高(gao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)質量(liang)，走(zou)以人為本、“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)步”、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)布局、生態文明、文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳承(cheng)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國特色新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)發展(zhan)需要(yao)(yao)大量(liang)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)間和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)內(nei)的(de)基礎設施，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)需要(yao)(yao)大量(liang)基礎設施建設，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基礎設施也應(ying)該與(yu)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)相適應(ying)。經濟高(gao)質量(liang)發展(zhan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)步”發展(zhan)，也就是新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深(shen)度融合，而新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)與(yu)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良(liang)(liang)性互動，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)農業(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)相協調。從更廣泛的(de)意義(yi)上看，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基礎設施應(ying)該是“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)步”發展(zhan)的(de)基礎設施，不僅(jin)僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)滿足新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深(shen)度融合要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，還要(yao)(yao)滿足城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良(liang)(liang)性互動、與(yu)農業(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)協調的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。
具(ju)體而言，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)可以(yi)體現為建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、森林城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、海綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、人(ren)文城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜居城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等一(yi)(yi)(yi)系列類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現代化(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，還體現在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)、大都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，這些(xie)要求(qiu)也(ye)是(shi)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)戰略的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標，“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”就是(shi)要建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)符合(he)現代化(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)。要支撐(cheng)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)戰略，“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)布局全新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息化(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，如新(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)信(xin)息網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)，包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)F5G（千兆光(guang)纖寬帶）、5G、物(wu)聯網(wang)(wang)、云計算、邊緣計算、新(xin)(xin)型(xing)互聯網(wang)(wang)交(jiao)換(huan)中(zhong)心(xin)等；另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)利用新(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代信(xin)息技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)綠(lv)色(se)(se)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與交(jiao)通運輸(shu)、能(neng)源水利、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政、環(huan)保、公共(gong)衛生等傳統(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)融合(he)，對(dui)傳統(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)數字化(hua)、網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)化(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)化(hua)升級而建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)。例(li)如，通過信(xin)息技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與傳統(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深度融合(he)，形(xing)成工業物(wu)聯網(wang)(wang)、車聯網(wang)(wang)、電力(li)物(wu)聯網(wang)(wang)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)感知設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政等。高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)戰略，不僅(jin)包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)單體城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)發展(zhan)，還包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)、都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，我國(guo)經濟發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空間結構正(zheng)(zheng)在發生深刻變(bian)化(hua)，中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)正(zheng)(zheng)在成為承載發展(zhan)要素的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要空間形(xing)式。未來城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)需求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)很大，這既包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之間高(gao)速(su)、便捷、綠(lv)色(se)(se)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)，還包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)都(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈中(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)郊(jiao)區、中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)衛星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之間交(jiao)通、信(xin)息等基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)以(yi)及各類公共(gong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)。總之，支撐(cheng)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)戰略，將是(shi)“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個主(zhu)戰場。
新型基礎設施應是現代化經濟體系的基礎設施，堅持供給側結構性改革
我國(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)從(cong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速增長轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量發展(zhan)，相應的(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)也需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)傳統經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，建(jian)設(she)(she)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)是高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量發展(zhan)的(de)必(bi)然要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)必(bi)然需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，信息(xi)化(hua)(hua)、智能化(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)都(dou)是現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)方向和要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，因此，新(xin)型基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)是現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，構成了現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)。制約傳統經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)關(guan)鍵矛盾在于供給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)質(zhi)量不(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，建(jian)設(she)(she)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)供給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)質(zhi)量，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)破除無效供給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)、提高(gao)(gao)(gao)有效供給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)，以更好地滿足需(xu)(xu)求，也就是需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)推進(jin)供給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結構性改革(ge)。同樣，建(jian)設(she)(she)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，需(xu)(xu)通過(guo)“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”進(jin)行(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)創新(xin)，從(cong)而提高(gao)(gao)(gao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)供給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)質(zhi)量，促進(jin)數字經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、智能經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)和綠(lv)色(se)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)發展(zhan)，進(jin)而推進(jin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型升級，從(cong)而實現(xian)(xian)供給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)結構性改革(ge)的(de)目標。
但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，加快“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”并不必然就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推進(jin)供給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)。2015年以(yi)來，供給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)成為(wei)我(wo)國經濟工作主線。供給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，旨在(zai)以(yi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法推進(jin)供給(gei)(gei)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)調整(zheng)(zheng)、提(ti)高供給(gei)(gei)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，以(yi)更(geng)好(hao)地(di)(di)滿足(zu)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，進(jin)而(er)實(shi)現(xian)經濟平穩(wen)健康發展。供給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)本質(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深(shen)(shen)化(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)、完善市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)經濟體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)，通過更(geng)加完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)這(zhe)只手(shou)來推進(jin)經濟結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)(zheng)，而(er)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)這(zhe)只手(shou)直接(jie)干預供給(gei)(gei)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)、實(shi)現(xian)經濟結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)調整(zheng)(zheng)。也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)，“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”如(ru)果只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)，試圖通過政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)來提(ti)高經濟供給(gei)(gei)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，雖(sui)然這(zhe)可能(neng)會大(da)(da)(da)(da)幅(fu)度(du)拉動(dong)(dong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)、擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)內需(xu)(xu)，產生直接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)從(cong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)側刺激(ji)經濟增長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)，但由于沒(mei)有(you)(you)很(hen)(hen)好(hao)地(di)(di)利用(yong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，不能(neng)認為(wei)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深(shen)(shen)化(hua)供給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”要堅持供給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要求(qiu)(qiu)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)與(yu)項目更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊重市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)律(lv)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)發生作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果，而(er)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)通過選擇性(xing)(xing)(xing)產業政(zheng)策(ce)進(jin)行(xing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)刺激(ji)作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”堅持供給(gei)(gei)側結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，本質(zhi)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)上(shang)熱(re)(re)盼通過“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模刺激(ji)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)否(fou)定。雖(sui)然基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)一般具有(you)(you)公共性(xing)(xing)(xing)，也需(xu)(xu)要大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本，這(zhe)需(xu)(xu)要政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)超(chao)前規(gui)劃和投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要想獲得長(chang)(chang)期經濟效率，基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)也必須堅持優先和充分利用(yong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)。尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)傳統(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)具有(you)(you)很(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)區(qu)別，一方面市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)前景(jing)不確定較大(da)(da)(da)(da)，選擇性(xing)(xing)(xing)產業政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)不高，另一方面近些年在(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)推動(dong)(dong)下(xia)這(zhe)個領域已經有(you)(you)了很(hen)(hen)好(hao)地(di)(di)發展成就(jiu)(jiu)。因(yin)此(ci)，“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”需(xu)(xu)要政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)引導(dao)，但切(qie)勿過度(du)直接(jie)介入。尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)當前新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)冠肺炎疫(yi)情(qing)沖(chong)擊、宏觀(guan)經濟目標(biao)實(shi)現(xian)壓力增大(da)(da)(da)(da)、地(di)(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)熱(re)(re)情(qing)高漲的(de)(de)(de)(de)背景(jing)下(xia)，更(geng)需(xu)(xu)要對此(ci)保持高度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清醒。
總(zong)之(zhi)，中央提出加快“新基建(jian)”，應該更多(duo)地(di)從促(cu)進(jin)我(wo)國經濟高質(zhi)量發展角度理解和認識，而積極推(tui)進(jin)“新基建(jian)”，不能(neng)忘記供給側結構性改革的工作(zuo)主線，要從優先和充分(fen)利(li)用市場機(ji)制入手。
【責任編輯：語謙】