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黨的(de)十九屆五中全(quan)(quan)(quan)會(hui)《建議(yi)》把(ba)統(tong)籌(chou)發(fa)展和安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)納入“十四五”時期經(jing)(jing)濟社會(hui)發(fa)展指導思(si)想，并列專章(zhang)作出戰略部署，突出了(le)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)在黨和國(guo)家(jia)(jia)工作大(da)局中的(de)重要(yao)(yao)地位。增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)自主(zhu)可控能(neng)力(li)是統(tong)籌(chou)發(fa)展和安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)方面。新冠(guan)肺炎疫情全(quan)(quan)(quan)球大(da)流行和日(ri)益(yi)復雜的(de)國(guo)際形(xing)勢對我(wo)國(guo)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)帶來一定(ding)影響，凸顯了(le)保障產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)極端(duan)重要(yao)(yao)性(xing)。去年底召(zhao)開的(de)中央經(jing)(jing)濟工作會(hui)議(yi)提出：“增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)自主(zhu)可控能(neng)力(li)。”這為我(wo)們維護(hu)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)、維護(hu)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)和發(fa)展利益(yi)指明了(le)方向。

20世紀(ji)80年(nian)(nian)代以來(lai)，國(guo)(guo)內外(wai)理論界關于“鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”的(de)(de)(de)研究日(ri)益增多，尤其(qi)是(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)、供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)逐漸成(cheng)為經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)學研究的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)點(dian)和(he)前沿(yan)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)就是(shi)由(you)(you)在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、運營(ying)等環節具有內在(zai)技術經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)關聯的(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)依據特定的(de)(de)(de)邏輯關系和(he)時空(kong)布(bu)(bu)局關系，為實現價值增加等經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)活動而形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)網鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)結構(gou)。供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則是(shi)從采(cai)購生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資料到制成(cheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品，并(bing)經(jing)(jing)由(you)(you)銷售、運輸網絡把產(chan)(chan)(chan)品送(song)達終(zhong)端(duan)，將供應(ying)(ying)商、制造(zao)商、分(fen)銷商直到最終(zhong)用戶連成(cheng)一(yi)個整(zheng)體的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)態體系。通(tong)過這種(zhong)網鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)結構(gou)和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)態體系，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)銷售可以由(you)(you)這一(yi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)上的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關企業(ye)通(tong)過分(fen)工合(he)作(zuo)來(lai)共同完成(cheng)。經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)全(quan)球化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)深入發(fa)展(zhan)，就是(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)等在(zai)全(quan)球范圍內配置重(zhong)組的(de)(de)(de)結果。2008年(nian)(nian)國(guo)(guo)際金融危機和(he)新(xin)冠肺(fei)炎疫情全(quan)球大(da)流行(xing)，對我國(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)安全(quan)穩(wen)(wen)定產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)一(yi)定影(ying)(ying)響。一(yi)方面(mian)，世界主要經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體更加重(zhong)視產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)穩(wen)(wen)定，開始重(zhong)新(xin)審(shen)視其(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)球布(bu)(bu)局，一(yi)些發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)家(jia)還出臺了(le)(le)“再工業(ye)化(hua)”戰略，試(shi)圖將制造(zao)業(ye)大(da)量(liang)回(hui)遷國(guo)(guo)內；另一(yi)方面(mian)，個別國(guo)(guo)家(jia)對我國(guo)(guo)科技企業(ye)進行(xing)無理打壓、斷供，也(ye)在(zai)一(yi)定程度上影(ying)(ying)響了(le)(le)我國(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)穩(wen)(wen)定，對我國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安全(quan)和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)利益造(zao)成(cheng)損(sun)害。

習近平總書記指出(chu)：“優化和穩(wen)定(ding)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)、供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)。產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)、供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)在(zai)關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)時刻(ke)不能(neng)(neng)掉鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)子，這是(shi)大國(guo)(guo)經濟必須(xu)具(ju)備(bei)的(de)(de)重要特征。要拉(la)長長板(ban)，補齊短板(ban)，在(zai)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)領(ling)域和節點構(gou)建(jian)自主可(ke)控(kong)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)生產(chan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)體系(xi)。”在(zai)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)分(fen)工日益精細的(de)(de)今(jin)天，增強(qiang)我國(guo)(guo)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)自主可(ke)控(kong)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，應(ying)(ying)抓住全(quan)(quan)球產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)調(diao)整的(de)(de)戰略窗口(kou)期，強(qiang)化頂層設計，持(chi)(chi)續(xu)補短板(ban)、鍛長板(ban)，全(quan)(quan)力(li)做(zuo)好產(chan)業(ye)基礎再(zai)造和產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)提(ti)升工作，著(zhu)力(li)打(da)造自主可(ke)控(kong)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)，形(xing)成必要的(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)備(bei)份系(xi)統，確(que)保(bao)(bao)在(zai)關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)核心技術、關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)零部(bu)件、基礎產(chan)品等供(gong)應(ying)(ying)受到斷供(gong)等限(xian)制時，依(yi)然能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)依(yi)靠自身實力(li)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)穩(wen)定(ding)運(yun)行，保(bao)(bao)障國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)和發(fa)展利益。

具(ju)體(ti)而言(yan)，增強我(wo)國產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)控(kong)能力(li)，可(ke)以(yi)從以(yi)下(xia)幾個方(fang)面著(zhu)手。一是(shi)堅持自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)控(kong)、安全可(ke)靠(kao)，分行業(ye)(ye)(ye)分階(jie)段推進產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈的(de)優化(hua)(hua)與多元(yuan)化(hua)(hua)，把(ba)關(guan)鍵(jian)核心技(ji)(ji)術牢(lao)(lao)牢(lao)(lao)掌握在(zai)自己手中(zhong)，在(zai)重(zhong)點領(ling)(ling)域(yu)形成產(chan)(chan)(chan)能備份，力(li)爭實現重(zhong)要領(ling)(ling)域(yu)和(he)(he)(he)關(guan)鍵(jian)節點的(de)自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)控(kong)，打造以(yi)我(wo)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈。二是(shi)針(zhen)對高端芯片、基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)軟(ruan)件、生物(wu)醫藥(yao)等重(zhong)點領(ling)(ling)域(yu)，加(jia)快補齊(qi)在(zai)先(xian)進工藝、基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)零部件、關(guan)鍵(jian)材料(liao)(liao)等方(fang)面的(de)短(duan)板(ban)，著(zhu)力(li)攻克關(guan)鍵(jian)核心技(ji)(ji)術“卡(ka)脖子(zi)”問題，提升產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)高級(ji)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈現代化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平；對軌(gui)道交通(tong)、工程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)、航(hang)空(kong)航(hang)天(tian)、電子(zi)信息、新材料(liao)(liao)等已具(ju)備優勢的(de)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)，加(jia)緊實施(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)再造和(he)(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)術提升工程(cheng)(cheng)，以(yi)加(jia)強和(he)(he)(he)鞏固領(ling)(ling)先(xian)地位。三是(shi)以(yi)智能化(hua)(hua)、數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)、物(wu)聯(lian)網化(hua)(hua)為重(zhong)點，加(jia)快推廣(guang)應(ying)(ying)用新技(ji)(ji)術，加(jia)速產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)轉型，確保相關(guan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展始終站(zhan)在(zai)全球(qiu)數(shu)字產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈前沿。（鄧子(zi)綱）

【責任編輯：趙藝(yi)涵(han)】