文(wen)章來源：學(xue)習時(shi)報(bao) 發布時(shi)間：2021-09-25
如(ru)果把5G網(wang)絡(luo)、人工(gong)智能、工(gong)業互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)、物聯(lian)網(wang)、數(shu)據中(zhong)心等新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一代信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施界定為新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施，那么(me)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)（以下簡稱“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建”）并非一個全(quan)(quan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)事物。2018年(nian)中(zhong)央經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)會(hui)議(yi)提出：要促進形成強(qiang)大國內市場，我國發展(zhan)現階段(duan)投資(zi)需求(qiu)潛力仍然(ran)巨大，要發揮投資(zi)關(guan)鍵作(zuo)用，加快5G商用步伐(fa)，加強(qiang)人工(gong)智能、工(gong)業互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)、物聯(lian)網(wang)等新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)。隨后，在(zai)2019年(nian)的(de)政府工(gong)作(zuo)報(bao)告中(zhong)提出加強(qiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一代信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)。2019年(nian)7月30日中(zhong)央政治(zhi)局會(hui)議(yi)針對(dui)下半年(nian)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)再次強(qiang)調，要加快推(tui)進信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)網(wang)絡(luo)等新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)。甚至，可以把“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建”上溯到(dao)2008年(nian)國際金融(rong)危(wei)機，當時全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)為了應對(dui)國際金融(rong)危(wei)機努力尋求(qiu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增長點，這極大促進了新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一輪科技和產業革命加速拓(tuo)展(zhan)，自此以后上述所謂新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施一直是(shi)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)投資(zi)和資(zi)本市場追逐的(de)方向。
在新(xin)冠肺炎疫(yi)情沖擊下，近期(qi)中央多次會議反(fan)復(fu)提及加快“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”，市場也在高(gao)(gao)(gao)度關(guan)注“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”這(zhe)個熱點，有(you)人將其作(zuo)為(wei)新(xin)的(de)“刺激計(ji)劃”。的(de)確(que)，加快“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”有(you)擴(kuo)大(da)內(nei)需(xu)、保證2020年經濟增長目標實現這(zhe)方面的(de)功(gong)能，但是(shi)(shi)，“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”并不新(xin)，實際上更是(shi)(shi)上述政策的(de)持續。科學(xue)的(de)態度是(shi)(shi)要把“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”內(nei)嵌于我國高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)需(xu)要，使(shi)其客觀上發(fa)揮了擴(kuo)大(da)內(nei)需(xu)、促進增長的(de)作(zuo)用。具體而言，新(xin)型基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施應該理解為(wei)新(xin)型工業化(hua)(hua)、新(xin)型城鎮化(hua)(hua)、現代化(hua)(hua)經濟體系(xi)的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設施，“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”要能夠服務(wu)于高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)工業化(hua)(hua)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)城鎮化(hua)(hua)戰略，要能夠堅(jian)持供給側結構(gou)性改(gai)革(ge)，這(zhe)才能真正服務(wu)于我國經濟高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)，避免回(hui)到“大(da)水漫灌”的(de)老路(lu)。
新型基礎設施應是新型工業化的基礎設施，支撐高質量工業化戰略
當前(qian)資本(ben)(ben)市場上流行觀(guan)點認(ren)為新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)主要包括(kuo)(kuo)七大(da)領(ling)(ling)域：5G基(ji)(ji)建、特(te)高壓(ya)（電(dian)力(li)物聯網(wang)）、高鐵（軌道(dao)交通）、充(chong)電(dian)樁（新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)車）、數據(ju)中(zhong)心（云計(ji)算）、人(ren)工智能、工業(ye)(ye)互聯網(wang)，在(zai)此之前(qian)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)些技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研究機(ji)(ji)構將新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)定義為融合感知、傳輸、存儲(chu)、計(ji)算、處(chu)理為一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信息(xi)(xi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。實(shi)際上，這些界定雖然比較具體(ti)，但內涵(han)還過于狹窄，無法真正(zheng)詮釋新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)內涵(han)。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)”應是(shi)和“傳統(tong)(tong)”相對(dui)應，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)應該(gai)對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)傳統(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而傳統(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)就是(shi)我們(men)所(suo)理解的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路、公路、機(ji)(ji)場、港口城市設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)傳統(tong)(tong)工業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)上是(shi)基(ji)(ji)于上一(yi)(yi)(yi)輪工業(ye)(ye)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、電(dian)氣技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、通信技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng)應用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，所(suo)謂新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)則(ze)是(shi)在(zai)傳統(tong)(tong)工業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)上疊(die)加了信息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、數字化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、網(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)要求，是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)輪科技(ji)(ji)和工業(ye)(ye)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、智能技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng)產(chan)生和應用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)既包括(kuo)(kuo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信息(xi)(xi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)和新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，也(ye)包括(kuo)(kuo)傳統(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改造后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。因此，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)應該(gai)是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)工業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)僅(jin)包括(kuo)(kuo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代智能信息(xi)(xi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還應包括(kuo)(kuo)與綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)類基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)；不(bu)僅(jin)包括(kuo)(kuo)上述七大(da)領(ling)(ling)域，還應包括(kuo)(kuo)支撐不(bu)斷深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)拓(tuo)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)輪科技(ji)(ji)和產(chan)業(ye)(ye)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。
由于中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)后(hou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)，而是(shi)融合了(le)信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)要求的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)。在新(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)快速推(tui)進了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)理論測評，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)已(yi)經(jing)步(bu)入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)期。但(dan)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)還存在不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)還亟待提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)。一(yi)是(shi)各區(qu)域工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡，一(yi)些(xie)區(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水平(ping)(ping)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)海、北(bei)京、廣東、浙(zhe)江、江蘇等(deng)(deng)已(yi)經(jing)步(bu)入到(dao)后(hou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)階(jie)段(duan)，但(dan)仍有(you)相當數量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)西部省份(fen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)本還處于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)期。二(er)是(shi)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)結構不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)力(li)和(he)高(gao)(gao)端產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)，鋼(gang)鐵(tie)、石化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、建材等(deng)(deng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)低水平(ping)(ping)產能(neng)過剩問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)突出(chu)并長(chang)期存在，而高(gao)(gao)端產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠和(he)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)價值(zhi)鏈(lian)高(gao)(gao)端環節占有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)，自主(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)力(li)還有(you)待提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)。三是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)速度與資源環境承載(zai)力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡，綠色經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)，14億人(ren)口的(de)(de)(de)快速工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，給資源環境的(de)(de)(de)承載(zai)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了(le)極大(da)挑戰(zhan)(zhan)。黨的(de)(de)(de)十九(jiu)大(da)報(bao)告提(ti)(ti)出(chu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟已(yi)由高(gao)(gao)速增(zeng)長(chang)階(jie)段(duan)轉向高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展階(jie)段(duan)，而經(jing)濟高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展是(shi)在新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展理念指(zhi)導下針(zhen)對發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展，與此相適應，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)也需(xu)(xu)要從高(gao)(gao)速度工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)轉向高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)，針(zhen)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)存在的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)，積極推(tui)進高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)。因(yin)此，“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建”需(xu)(xu)要支(zhi)撐高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)，針(zhen)對上(shang)(shang)(shang)述區(qu)域發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展、產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展和(he)綠色發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展等(deng)(deng)方面不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)進行新(xin)(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設施的(de)(de)(de)項目選擇(ze)、融資投(tou)資、布局選址(zhi)等(deng)(deng)一(yi)系列(lie)建設決(jue)策。這意味(wei)著“新(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建”絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)今年短期的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟增(zeng)長(chang)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)，而是(shi)“十四五(wu)”規劃乃至(zhi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)全面建設社會主(zhu)義(yi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)重大(da)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)。
新型基礎設施應是新型城鎮化的基礎設施，支撐高質量城鎮化戰略
伴隨(sui)著工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程會(hui)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)推進，這是(shi)(shi)一個現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)普(pu)遍規律。隨(sui)著我(wo)國(guo)(guo)新型(xing)工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)進程的(de)(de)深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)也(ye)開始不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)推進新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，2014年3月，中(zhong)共中(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)務院印發(fa)《國(guo)(guo)家新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)規劃(hua)（2014—2020年）》，明確指出緊(jin)緊(jin)圍繞全面提高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)質(zhi)量，走(zou)以(yi)人為本、“四(si)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)布局、生態(tai)文明、文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳承(cheng)的(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道路。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)發(fa)展需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)大量的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)間和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)內的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)施，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)大量基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，新型(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)施也(ye)應(ying)(ying)該(gai)與(yu)新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求相(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)。經濟高質(zhi)量發(fa)展要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求“四(si)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”發(fa)展，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)新型(xing)工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深度融合，而新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)與(yu)新型(xing)工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良(liang)性互動，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)農業(ye)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)相(xiang)協調。從更(geng)廣泛的(de)(de)意義(yi)上看，新型(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)施應(ying)(ying)該(gai)是(shi)(shi)“四(si)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”發(fa)展的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)施，不(bu)僅(jin)僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足新型(xing)工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深度融合要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良(liang)性互動、與(yu)農業(ye)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)協調的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。
具體而言，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)的(de)(de)要求可以體現(xian)為建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)智慧城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、綠(lv)色(se)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、森林城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、海綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、人(ren)文城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜居城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)一(yi)系(xi)列類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)要求，還體現(xian)在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)、大都(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)要求，這些要求也是(shi)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)的(de)(de)目標(biao)，“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”就是(shi)要建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)符合現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)和(he)(he)都(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)要求的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施。要支撐高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)，“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”一(yi)方面(mian)布局全新(xin)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)、智能化(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施，如新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)智能信(xin)(xin)息(xi)網絡，包括(kuo)(kuo)F5G（千兆光纖寬帶）、5G、物(wu)聯(lian)網、云計算、邊緣計算、新(xin)型(xing)(xing)互聯(lian)網交換中(zhong)心(xin)等(deng)；另一(yi)方面(mian)利(li)用新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技術和(he)(he)綠(lv)色(se)技術與交通(tong)運輸、能源水利(li)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)、環保、公(gong)共衛(wei)生等(deng)傳(chuan)統(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施進(jin)行融(rong)合，對(dui)傳(chuan)統(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施進(jin)行數字化(hua)、網絡化(hua)、智能化(hua)、綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)升級而建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)形成的(de)(de)新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施。例如，通(tong)過(guo)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技術與傳(chuan)統(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施的(de)(de)深度(du)融(rong)合，形成工(gong)業(ye)物(wu)聯(lian)網、車聯(lian)網、電力物(wu)聯(lian)網、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)感知設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施、智能化(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)等(deng)。高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)，不僅包括(kuo)(kuo)單體城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)發(fa)(fa)展，還包括(kuo)(kuo)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)、都(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，我國經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)間結構正在發(fa)(fa)生深刻變化(hua)，中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)正在成為承載(zai)發(fa)(fa)展要素的(de)(de)主要空(kong)(kong)間形式。未來城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)和(he)(he)都(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)需求量很(hen)大，這既包括(kuo)(kuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之間高(gao)速、便捷、綠(lv)色(se)、智能的(de)(de)交通(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，還包括(kuo)(kuo)都(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圈(quan)中(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)郊區、中(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)衛(wei)星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之間交通(tong)、信(xin)(xin)息(xi)等(deng)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施以及(ji)各類(lei)(lei)公(gong)共設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施。總之，支撐新(xin)型(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)，將(jiang)是(shi)“新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)”的(de)(de)一(yi)個主戰(zhan)場。
新型基礎設施應是現代化經濟體系的基礎設施，堅持供給側結構性改革
我(wo)國經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)從(cong)高速增(zeng)長轉向(xiang)高質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)展，相應(ying)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)也需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)從(cong)傳統經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)轉向(xiang)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，建(jian)設(she)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)是高質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)展的(de)必然(ran)(ran)要(yao)求(qiu)。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)必然(ran)(ran)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)，信息化(hua)(hua)、智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)、綠色(se)化(hua)(hua)都是現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)方向(xiang)和要(yao)求(qiu)，因此(ci)，新(xin)型基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)是現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)，構成了現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)。制(zhi)約傳統經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)轉向(xiang)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)關鍵矛(mao)盾在(zai)于供給(gei)側(ce)質(zhi)(zhi)量不高，建(jian)設(she)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)提(ti)高經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)供給(gei)質(zhi)(zhi)量，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)破除無效供給(gei)、提(ti)高有效供給(gei)，以更好地滿足需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，也就是需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)推(tui)進供給(gei)側(ce)結構性改革。同樣，建(jian)設(she)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)通過(guo)“新(xin)基建(jian)”進行基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)創新(xin)，從(cong)而(er)提(ti)高基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)供給(gei)質(zhi)(zhi)量，促(cu)進數字經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)、智能(neng)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)和綠色(se)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)發(fa)展，進而(er)推(tui)進經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)轉型升級，從(cong)而(er)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)供給(gei)側(ce)結構性改革的(de)目標(biao)。
但(dan)是(shi)(shi)，加(jia)快(kuai)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必然(ran)(ran)就是(shi)(shi)推(tui)(tui)進供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革。2015年以(yi)(yi)來，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革成(cheng)為(wei)我國經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)主(zhu)線(xian)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革，旨(zhi)在以(yi)(yi)改(gai)革體制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)辦法推(tui)(tui)進供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)調整、提高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)質(zhi)量(liang)，以(yi)(yi)更(geng)好(hao)地滿足需(xu)(xu)求，進而實現經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)平穩健康(kang)發展。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革本(ben)質(zhi)要(yao)求是(shi)(shi)深化市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化改(gai)革、完善市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體制(zhi)(zhi)，通(tong)過(guo)更(geng)加(jia)完善的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)體制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)這(zhe)只手來推(tui)(tui)進經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)調整，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)這(zhe)只手直接(jie)干預(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、實現經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)調整。也就是(shi)(shi)說，“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”如果(guo)(guo)只是(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)，試圖通(tong)過(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)來提高(gao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)質(zhi)量(liang)，雖然(ran)(ran)這(zhe)可能(neng)會大(da)幅(fu)度拉動投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)、擴(kuo)大(da)內需(xu)(xu)，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)直接(jie)的(de)(de)從需(xu)(xu)求側(ce)(ce)(ce)刺(ci)(ci)激(ji)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)增長的(de)(de)功能(neng)，但(dan)由于沒有(you)很(hen)好(hao)地利用(yong)(yong)(yong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)認為(wei)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”是(shi)(shi)深化供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革，是(shi)(shi)要(yao)求“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)與項目(mu)更(geng)多的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)尊重市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)規律、市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)發生(sheng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)通(tong)過(guo)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)進行大(da)規模投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)刺(ci)(ci)激(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)。“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”堅(jian)持(chi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革，本(ben)質(zhi)上是(shi)(shi)對市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)上熱盼通(tong)過(guo)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”大(da)規模刺(ci)(ci)激(ji)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)否定。雖然(ran)(ran)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施一(yi)般具有(you)公共(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，也需(xu)(xu)要(yao)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)，這(zhe)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)超前規劃和投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)想(xiang)獲得長期(qi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)效率，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施建(jian)(jian)設(she)也必須堅(jian)持(chi)優先和充分利用(yong)(yong)(yong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)原則(ze)。尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施與傳統基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施具有(you)很(hen)大(da)區別，一(yi)方(fang)面市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)前景不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確定較大(da)，選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)，另一(yi)方(fang)面近(jin)些年在市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)推(tui)(tui)動下這(zhe)個領域已經(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)了很(hen)好(hao)地發展成(cheng)就。因此，“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)”需(xu)(xu)要(yao)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)引導(dao)，但(dan)切(qie)勿過(guo)度直接(jie)介入。尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)在當前新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)冠肺炎疫情(qing)沖(chong)擊、宏觀經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)目(mu)標實現壓力增大(da)、地方(fang)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)熱情(qing)高(gao)漲的(de)(de)背景下，更(geng)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)對此保持(chi)高(gao)度的(de)(de)清醒(xing)。
總之，中央(yang)提出加快“新(xin)基建”，應(ying)該更多地(di)從促進(jin)我國(guo)經濟高質量發展角度理(li)解(jie)和認識，而積極推進(jin)“新(xin)基建”，不能忘記供給側結構性改革(ge)的工(gong)作(zuo)主線(xian)，要從優先和充分利用市場機制(zhi)入手。
【責任編輯：語謙】