文章來(lai)源(yuan):光明日報 發布時(shi)間:2020-05-17
置(zhi)身(shen)百年未有(you)之大(da)變局,世(shi)界各國面臨(lin)諸(zhu)多問題與挑戰,世(shi)界經濟(ji)和全球治(zhi)理的未來(lai)深陷不(bu)確(que)(que)定性(xing)的迷霧(wu)之中(zhong)。只有(you)在不(bu)確(que)(que)定中(zhong)尋求確(que)(que)定,世(shi)界經濟(ji)才(cai)能(neng)持續增(zeng)長、全球治(zhi)理才(cai)能(neng)有(you)效運行。同樣,在不(bu)確(que)(que)定性(xing)中(zhong)創造確(que)(que)定性(xing),也(ye)將是為世(shi)界經濟(ji)和全球治(zhi)理作出的重(zhong)大(da)貢獻(xian)。
身處變(bian)局,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)與世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)共同(tong)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)內(nei)在邏(luo)輯不(bu)變(bian),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)仍(reng)是世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)尋求(qiu)確(que)定性的(de)(de)重要風(feng)向(xiang)標(biao)。步入(ru)新世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)逐步成為世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)最大(da)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)變(bian)量之一(yi),也(ye)是世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)確(que)定性的(de)(de)重要來源。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)為世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長作出了顯著(zhu)貢(gong)獻。2018年的(de)(de)數據(ju)顯示,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)內(nei)生產(chan)總值(zhi)超(chao)過90萬(wan)億(yi)元,對世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長貢(gong)獻率近30%。2019年第一(yi)季度(du)數據(ju)顯示,即使(shi)在非常(chang)嚴峻的(de)(de)國(guo)際形勢下(xia),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)仍(reng)然保持了平(ping)穩運行,一(yi)季度(du)同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長6.4%。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)持續穩健增(zeng)(zeng)長為世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長傳遞出積極信(xin)號(hao),并產(chan)生聯動效(xiao)應。可(ke)見,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)在世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)有著(zhu)極大(da)的(de)(de)“存在感”,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)離不(bu)開世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie),世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)更離不(bu)開中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)。
身(shen)處(chu)變局,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)嘗試向創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)和高(gao)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)轉型,這也(ye)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)與(yu)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)一道探(tan)尋(xun)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)動(dong)力和發(fa)展新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)走向的(de)(de)必修課。將(jiang)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)置到(dao)歷史長(chang)(chang)周(zhou)期(qi)來(lai)看,增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)疲態(tai)較為明顯,這與(yu)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)動(dong)力不(bu)足尤(you)為相(xiang)(xiang)關。在(zai)歷史上,每一次(ci)工業(ye)(ye)革命都會帶來(lai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)率的(de)(de)大幅提(ti)升(sheng),在(zai)上一次(ci)工業(ye)(ye)革命紅利消耗殆盡(jin),下(xia)一次(ci)工業(ye)(ye)革命未到(dao)來(lai)之際,世(shi)(shi)界(jie)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)亟須積極探(tan)索創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、尋(xun)求(qiu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)動(dong)能(neng)。重(zhong)(zhong)視科技創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、培育(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)保持相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)穩(wen)定增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要動(dong)力。2018年數(shu)據(ju)顯示,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)數(shu)字經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)規模逐(zhu)步攀升(sheng)至GDP的(de)(de)34.8%,高(gao)達31.3萬億元(yuan)。在(zai)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)(chan)權組織發(fa)布的(de)(de)《2018年全球(qiu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)指數(shu)報告》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)名(ming)列全球(qiu)第17位,成為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)收入經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)唯一躋身(shen)20強的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)。國(guo)(guo)際貨幣基(ji)金(jin)組織在(zai)調(diao)(diao)低(di)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)預期(qi)的(de)(de)同時,卻提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)預期(qi)。一方面,這肯定了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)進行宏觀經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)調(diao)(diao)控的(de)(de)能(neng)力;另一方面也(ye)是(shi)(shi)看到(dao)了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)潛(qian)能(neng)。當(dang)然,后(hou)者(zhe)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)力求(qiu)和鼓(gu)勵創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、重(zhong)(zhong)視發(fa)展高(gao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)努(nu)力分不(bu)開。探(tan)尋(xun)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)動(dong)力,不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長(chang)(chang)周(zhou)期(qi)內進行結構(gou)性調(diao)(diao)整、探(tan)索發(fa)展新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)走向的(de)(de)必修課。
身(shen)處變局(ju),作(zuo)為(wei)全(quan)球(qiu)治理(li)(li)的(de)(de)重要參(can)(can)與(yu)者(zhe)和貢獻(xian)(xian)者(zhe),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)維持健(jian)(jian)康、持續和穩健(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長是(shi)全(quan)球(qiu)治理(li)(li)事業(ye)得以(yi)推進(jin)的(de)(de)確定(ding)性來源,是(shi)國(guo)際社會(hui)的(de)(de)重大(da)利(li)好(hao)消息。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)參(can)(can)與(yu)將有(you)助于國(guo)際社會(hui)克服公共(gong)產(chan)品赤字(zi)、改(gai)善(shan)全(quan)球(qiu)治理(li)(li)面臨的(de)(de)困(kun)境。當下,有(you)些(xie)國(guo)家把自身(shen)的(de)(de)國(guo)內經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社會(hui)問題歸咎于經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)全(quan)球(qiu)化(hua)(hua),否定(ding)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)全(quan)球(qiu)化(hua)(hua)對貨(huo)物、人(ren)員、資本流(liu)動(dong)(dong)以(yi)及人(ren)類(lei)文明進(jin)步(bu)的(de)(de)貢獻(xian)(xian),試圖逆時代(dai)潮流(liu)而行,否認全(quan)球(qiu)合作(zuo)治理(li)(li)對全(quan)球(qiu)問題的(de)(de)解決作(zuo)出(chu)的(de)(de)重大(da)貢獻(xian)(xian),無視各國(guo)之間日益增(zeng)(zeng)加的(de)(de)相(xiang)互依存度(du),不樂(le)意承擔國(guo)際責任、提(ti)供(gong)公共(gong)產(chan)品,這(zhe)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)加劇了(le)(le)全(quan)球(qiu)治理(li)(li)赤字(zi)的(de)(de)程度(du)。在這(zhe)種大(da)背景下,由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)提(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)”倡議(yi)(yi),不僅尊重經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)全(quan)球(qiu)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)歷史規律,而且堅(jian)持共(gong)商、共(gong)建(jian)(jian)、共(gong)享基(ji)本原則(ze),為(wei)促(cu)(cu)進(jin)全(quan)球(qiu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)合作(zuo)、各國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)共(gong)同發(fa)展(zhan)出(chu)謀劃策。“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)”倡議(yi)(yi)搭建(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)與(yu)相(xiang)關國(guo)家經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)之間的(de)(de)橋梁,為(wei)推動(dong)(dong)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)全(quan)球(qiu)化(hua)(hua),進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)促(cu)(cu)進(jin)全(quan)球(qiu)治理(li)(li)模式創新、發(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)完善(shan)作(zuo)出(chu)新貢獻(xian)(xian)。
身處(chu)變(bian)局,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)與(yu)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)社(she)(she)會一道(dao)支持(chi)多(duo)(duo)邊(bian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)的決心(xin)不(bu)變(bian),依靠對(dui)話、協商與(yu)合作,努力尋求(qiu)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)解(jie)決彼此間的問題與(yu)爭端。二戰結束(shu)至今,國(guo)(guo)際(ji)社(she)(she)會最大的進(jin)步就是形成了一套治(zhi)理國(guo)(guo)際(ji)安全與(yu)世(shi)界經濟(ji)的多(duo)(duo)邊(bian)制度體系(xi)。在某種意義(yi)上,多(duo)(duo)邊(bian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)為世(shi)界經濟(ji)的發展創(chuang)造了良好(hao)穩定的外部環境。多(duo)(duo)邊(bian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)培育了各國(guo)(guo)的共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)認知和共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)利益(yi),集體合作應(ying)對(dui)各類全球事務、共(gong)(gong)(gong)謀全球治(zhi)理和經濟(ji)繁榮的新局面。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)支持(chi)WTO等(deng)多(duo)(duo)邊(bian)機構(gou)改(gai)革,認為借助多(duo)(duo)邊(bian)平臺(tai)解(jie)決經濟(ji)及其他領域內(nei)相關矛盾能起到緩(huan)解(jie)沖突(tu)的重要“剎車”作用(yong),避免沖突(tu)升級、世(shi)界失序。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)一貫相信只有(you)秉持(chi)多(duo)(duo)邊(bian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)精神、攜手共(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)、合作治(zhi)理,才能克服當今國(guo)(guo)際(ji)社(she)(she)會面臨的治(zhi)理赤(chi)字、信任赤(chi)字、和平赤(chi)字、發展赤(chi)字,最終實現各國(guo)(guo)互利共(gong)(gong)(gong)贏、全球共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)繁榮。(中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)社(she)(she)科院世(shi)經政所全球治(zhi)理室主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)任、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)社(she)(she)科院中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色社(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)理論體系(xi)研究(jiu)中(zhong)心(xin)特約(yue)研究(jiu)員 任琳)
【責任編輯:宋詞】