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在我國，90%的(de)300米(mi)以上摩天(tian)大樓、3/4的(de)重點機場、3/4的(de)衛星發射基地、1/3的(de)城市綜合(he)管廊、1/2的(de)核電站是(shi)由中國建(jian)筑投資建(jian)設(she)，而你(ni)可(ke)能不知道的(de)是(shi)，近年來中國建(jian)筑已從(cong)陸上發展到(dao)深海(hai)。2017年底，洋山深水港四期工程即將開港試運行，屆時擁有(you)7個大型深水泊位的(de)洋山港四期將成為(wei)世界(jie)最大的(de)自動(dong)化集裝箱碼頭。

洋山(shan)深(shen)水(shui)港(gang)(gang)是世界最大(da)的(de)海(hai)島型(xing)人工(gong)深(shen)水(shui)港(gang)(gang)，也(ye)是建設上(shang)海(hai)國(guo)際航運中心的(de)戰略和樞紐型(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)。洋山(shan)港(gang)(gang)全(quan)面建成后，將助推上(shang)海(hai)港(gang)(gang)年集(ji)裝箱吞(tun)(tun)吐(tu)量(liang)突破4000萬(wan)TEU（標準箱），這個(ge)(ge)數字超過了(le)美國(guo)九(jiu)大(da)港(gang)(gang)口(kou)(kou)的(de)吞(tun)(tun)吐(tu)總量(liang)，也(ye)是目前全(quan)球港(gang)(gang)口(kou)(kou)年吞(tun)(tun)吐(tu)量(liang)的(de)十(shi)分之一(yi)。從2002年6月26日(ri)中國(guo)建筑工(gong)程(cheng)總公司旗下(xia)(xia)的(de)中建港(gang)(gang)務在洋山(shan)深(shen)水(shui)港(gang)(gang)區一(yi)期C標碼頭打下(xia)(xia)第一(yi)根樁開始，經(jing)過十(shi)五(wu)年的(de)建設歷(li)程(cheng)，把(ba)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)僅有3000原住漁民的(de)孤島小漁村，變成了(le)一(yi)片總面積相(xiang)當于1000多個(ge)(ge)足球場大(da)小的(de)現代化(hua)深(shen)水(shui)港(gang)(gang)新“桑田(tian)”，譜寫出(chu)一(yi)幅壯美的(de)現代版“精(jing)衛填(tian)海(hai)”歷(li)史新長卷。

 

“精衛填海”，筑就世界第一深水大港

開工以前的洋山深水港(gang)，是(shi)距離上(shang)海(hai)30公(gong)里互不相(xiang)鄰的10余(yu)個小(xiao)海(hai)島(dao)，之間海(hai)溝深度最(zui)深超(chao)過30米。如(ru)今(jin)15年過去，海(hai)溝已(yi)經填(tian)平(ping)(ping)，海(hai)島(dao)連在一(yi)起，形成(cheng)了(le)陸(lu)(lu)域面積超(chao)過8平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里的現代洋山深水港(gang)區，與大(da)陸(lu)(lu)通過東海(hai)大(da)橋連接。據不完(wan)全統計，為了(le)填(tian)平(ping)(ping)這些海(hai)溝，洋山砂(sha)石拋填(tian)總(zong)量(liang)超(chao)過1億立(li)方(fang)米，相(xiang)當(dang)于在平(ping)(ping)均水深20多米的島(dao)嶼(yu)之間，在1000多個足(zu)球場(chang)的范圍內，將砂(sha)石堆到七(qi)層樓的高(gao)度。

建設前的小洋山

洋山港一二三期

洋山(shan)港(gang)(gang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)從(cong)2002年(nian)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)建設(she)，一至三期工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)現已完工(gong)(gong)(gong)，共有16個7萬-15萬噸級深水集裝(zhuang)(zhuang)箱(xiang)泊位。中建港(gang)(gang)務和(he)兄(xiong)弟單位一起，累計建成集裝(zhuang)(zhuang)箱(xiang)深水港(gang)(gang)碼頭岸線(xian)5.6公里、集裝(zhuang)(zhuang)箱(xiang)堆(dui)場8平方(fang)公里，釋放出年(nian)集裝(zhuang)(zhuang)箱(xiang)吞吐量超過1500萬TEU的(de)生產能力，為上海港(gang)(gang)連續多年(nian)雄踞全(quan)球(qiu)集裝(zhuang)(zhuang)箱(xiang)第(di)一大港(gang)(gang)提供了最為堅定的(de)支撐(cheng)。

即(ji)將收尾的(de)洋山港(gang)(gang)四(si)期工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，碼(ma)(ma)頭岸線(xian)長2350米，陸(lu)域總(zong)面積223.16萬平方(fang)米，建(jian)設7個大型深水(shui)泊位。中(zhong)建(jian)港(gang)(gang)務的(de)主(zhu)要建(jian)設內(nei)容包括：水(shui)工(gong)(gong)碼(ma)(ma)頭、工(gong)(gong)作船碼(ma)(ma)頭、地基加(jia)固(gu)、道路堆(dui)場(chang)以(yi)及綜(zong)合辦公樓(lou)建(jian)設，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量達到洋山四(si)期全部(bu)土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)量的(de)75%。建(jian)設洋山港(gang)(gang)的(de)15年間(jian)，中(zhong)建(jian)港(gang)(gang)務在小(xiao)洋山海域的(de)狂(kuang)風(feng)巨浪中(zhong)，累計成(cheng)功沉樁7147根，首尾相(xiang)接(jie)長度超過443114延(yan)長米，排(pai)在地表約等(deng)于上海到合肥的(de)陸(lu)路距(ju)離(li)。

自動化的洋山港四期工程

 

“群鴻戲海”，領跑水工工程建設新標準

架高100米打樁船“中建樁7”打樁現場

洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)港建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)至今，中建(jian)(jian)港務洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)項目總部(bu)(bu)致(zhi)力于打造國內水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)新高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，3項施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)獲評(ping)國家一(yi)級(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)，6項施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)被評(ping)為交(jiao)(jiao)通部(bu)(bu)水運(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)級(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)。洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)四期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中，洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)項目總部(bu)(bu)編制和(he)實(shi)施的(de)《洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)四期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)CI標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)手冊》，在中國建(jian)(jian)筑所屬系統率先確立水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)CI標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)典范。2016年，在交(jiao)(jiao)通運(yun)(yun)輸部(bu)(bu)質(zhi)(zhi)監局、上(shang)海市交(jiao)(jiao)通建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)監站指導(dao)下，項目部(bu)(bu)率先在國內水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)界開展《水運(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)》試點，編制實(shi)施《水運(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)指南實(shi)施方(fang)案》。2016年9月28日(ri)，交(jiao)(jiao)通部(bu)(bu)百人(ren)專家團到現(xian)場觀(guan)摩(mo)，對洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)四期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)細節、質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)和(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)等內容進(jin)行深入探討，一(yi)致(zhi)給予高(gao)度評(ping)價。中建(jian)(jian)港務參與編制的(de)《上(shang)海國際航運(yun)(yun)中心洋(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)深水港區(qu)四期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)U型槽軌枕(zhen)道砟(zha)基礎及(ji)軌道安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量檢驗(yan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)（試行）》，正進(jin)入交(jiao)(jiao)通部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)級(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)審核流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。

 

“金翅擘海”，智造技術領先新港區

起重船正在安裝洋山四期工作船碼頭首個沉箱

15年的(de)(de)洋山(shan)建(jian)設史，是一(yi)部中(zhong)建(jian)港(gang)務洋山(shan)人的(de)(de)科技(ji)創(chuang)新奮斗史。面(mian)對第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)施打大(da)口徑密排鋼(gang)管(guan)樁，第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)施工海上(shang)大(da)體積(ji)高(gao)性能混凝土，第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)自主制造大(da)口徑高(gao)標準螺旋鋼(gang)管(guan)樁，第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)見識水(shui)下(xia)陽(yang)極塊，第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)實施深海地(di)基加固，第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)施工水(shui)下(xia)倒(dao)濾層……中(zhong)建(jian)港(gang)務在眾多參建(jian)隊伍中(zhong)第(di)(di)一(yi)個獲得國家(jia)發明(ming)和實用新型專利(li)，完成水(shui)工碼頭(tou)、地(di)基加固、道堆施工多項技(ji)術總結，為企業(ye)核(he)心(xin)競爭力的(de)(de)提升集聚了大(da)量的(de)(de)寶貴(gui)財(cai)富。

在(zai)對吹(chui)砂(sha)堆積區域進(jin)行振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)沖加(jia)固時，中(zhong)(zhong)建港(gang)務的(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)沖裝置(zhi)要深(shen)(shen)入到地(di)表以下20多米進(jin)行振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)沖，整個振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)沖過(guo)程都是在(zai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)人員目光無法(fa)觸(chu)及(ji)的(de)“黑箱”中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行的(de)，洋(yang)山(shan)項目部自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)開發出(chu)“自(zi)(zi)動(dong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控下深(shen)(shen)層粉細砂(sha)地(di)基振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)沖施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)。在(zai)對洋(yang)山(shan)原始地(di)貌中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)淤泥地(di)區進(jin)行加(jia)固時，項目部又開發出(chu)“自(zi)(zi)動(dong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控條件下具(ju)有穩帶技術的(de)塑(su)料排水板(ban)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)。最后，他們又將自(zi)(zi)動(dong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控系統應(ying)用到碎石(shi)回填(tian)區域加(jia)固施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)，開發出(chu)“利用自(zi)(zi)動(dong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控系統進(jin)行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量控制的(de)強(qiang)夯施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)。至此，中(zhong)(zhong)建港(gang)務將洋(yang)山(shan)地(di)基加(jia)固領域中(zhong)(zhong)三大常用工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝全部實(shi)現了施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程監(jian)(jian)(jian)控的(de)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化。

經(jing)過15年的(de)創(chuang)新，中(zhong)國(guo)建筑洋山港(gang)項(xiang)(xiang)目獲得1項(xiang)(xiang)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)科(ke)技(ji)進步二(er)等(deng)(deng)獎，1項(xiang)(xiang)上海市(shi)科(ke)技(ji)進步一等(deng)(deng)獎，4項(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)明專(zhuan)(zhuan)利，9項(xiang)(xiang)實用新型(xing)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利，5項(xiang)(xiang)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)發(fa)明展覽(lan)會(hui)金獎、銀獎。

 

精彩不止洋山港

洋山青年突擊隊

除洋(yang)山港(gang)項目(mu)外，中(zhong)國(guo)建筑在海外水(shui)(shui)工市場也收(shou)獲(huo)了(le)大量(liang)訂單(dan)。今年5月(yue)24日(ri)，由中(zhong)國(guo)建筑承建，中(zhong)建港(gang)務(wu)和(he)中(zhong)建八局(ju)負責具(ju)體實施的(de)非洲吉布(bu)提多哈(ha)雷多功能港(gang)口(kou)(一(yi)(yi)期)舉行開港(gang)儀(yi)式。吉布(bu)提多哈(ha)雷港(gang)設計吞吐能力(li)為20萬標準箱，合(he)同金(jin)額為4.217億美(mei)元，是(shi)中(zhong)資建筑企業迄今為止在東北非地區(qu)承接(jie)的(de)最大規模(mo)港(gang)口(kou)項目(mu)，是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)建筑目(mu)前完成的(de)海外最大的(de)水(shui)(shui)工項目(mu)。吉布(bu)提地處亞非歐十(shi)字(zi)路口(kou)，是(shi)國(guo)際主航線必經之地，也是(shi)一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)路上重要的(de)銜接(jie)點。

不論是陸(lu)上(shang)還是海(hai)上(shang)，中國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)都(dou)以一貫的工程質量廣(guang)受好(hao)評，進而(er)拓展了更大的市場。據統計，中國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)營(ying)業收入平均每(mei)十二年(nian)增長十倍。位居(ju)2016年(nian)度《財富》世界500強(qiang)第24位，獲得標普、穆迪(di)、惠譽(yu)等國(guo)際(ji)三大評級機構信(xin)用評級A級，為(wei)全球建(jian)筑(zhu)行業最高信(xin)用評級。

截至十二五末，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)基礎設施(shi)已完成投(tou)資2000億元(yuan)，續投(tou)將達萬(wan)億元(yuan)，投(tou)資、建(jian)設和運營的(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)里(li)程(cheng)1800多公(gong)里(li)；公(gong)路(lu)里(li)程(cheng)達十幾(ji)萬(wan)公(gong)里(li)；軌道(dao)交通里(li)程(cheng)數百公(gong)里(li)。隧道(dao)、橋梁(liang)、機場、港口、核(he)電等工程(cheng)星羅棋布，并已成為國(guo)(guo)家城市(shi)綜合管廊(lang)和海綿城市(shi)建(jian)設的(de)主(zhu)力軍。按照“十三五”規(gui)劃，在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)轉(zhuan)型升級的(de)宏偉(wei)藍(lan)圖中(zhong)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)基礎設施(shi)業務(wu)將站(zhan)在歷史高點上再出(chu)發(fa)。 （國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)國(guo)(guo)資委網站(zhan) 王鈺）