文章來源：中(zhong)國石油天然氣集團(tuan)公司 發布時間：2010-11-24
為緩解南(nan)方(fang)部分地區(qu)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)緊張局面，中國石(shi)油帶(dai)頭調(diao)減(jian)工業(ye)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，優先保障(zhang)居民(min)和(he)集中供暖(nuan)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，累計(ji)壓(ya)減(jian)天然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)每日超過1000萬立方(fang)米，有(you)效緩解了用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)緊張形勢(shi)。
中國石油(you)要(yao)求所屬天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)銷售企業(ye)按照“保(bao)(bao)民生(sheng)(sheng)、保(bao)(bao)穩定、保(bao)(bao)安全(quan)”的(de)(de)(de)原則，采取“有(you)保(bao)(bao)有(you)壓(ya)”的(de)(de)(de)冬季(ji)供氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)障措施，合(he)理調減(jian)工業(ye)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。華(hua)北天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)銷售公司(si)在前期每(mei)天(tian)壓(ya)減(jian)300萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，計(ji)劃(hua)再(zai)每(mei)天(tian)壓(ya)減(jian)300萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米，調減(jian)幅度(du)達到(dao)10%。節約(yue)下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)將(jiang)全(quan)部(bu)用(yong)于滿(man)足北京、天(tian)津、河北、山(shan)東(dong)、山(shan)西和陜西等省市涉及(ji)數億(yi)居民的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活和采暖(nuan)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以應(ying)對(dui)提前到(dao)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)嚴寒。目標市場主(zhu)要(yao)為“長三角(jiao)”及(ji)“兩湖”地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)西氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)東(dong)輸管道(dao)（銷售）公司(si)，及(ji)時壓(ya)減(jian)沿線發電用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，控制工業(ye)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，調減(jian)幅度(du)達到(dao)8%，每(mei)天(tian)節省300萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，部(bu)分緩解(jie)了南(nan)方(fang)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)緊張局面。西南(nan)油(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)田進(jin)一步壓(ya)減(jian)工業(ye)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，努力保(bao)(bao)證川渝地(di)區用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穩定。長慶、塔(ta)里木和青海等氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)區也全(quan)力壓(ya)減(jian)周邊工業(ye)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。
除少數(shu)確保(bao)民生的工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)氣外，絕(jue)大多數(shu)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶在(zai)(zai)調(diao)(diao)減(jian)(jian)之列(lie)。這(zhe)些壓(ya)(ya)減(jian)(jian)的用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶集中在(zai)(zai)燃氣發電、煉油(you)(you)化工(gong)(gong)等工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)領域，僅(jin)華北(bei)地區壓(ya)(ya)減(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶達到(dao)60多家(jia)。中國石油(you)(you)所屬用(yong)(yong)(yong)氣企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)帶頭壓(ya)(ya)減(jian)(jian)，寧夏石化和蘭州石化等大工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶在(zai)(zai)計(ji)劃壓(ya)(ya)減(jian)(jian)甚(shen)至暫時關停之列(lie)。在(zai)(zai)中國石油(you)(you)積極帶動下(xia)，社(she)會工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶積極配合，自覺(jue)調(diao)(diao)減(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)氣量。
華(hua)北(bei)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)銷售公司總(zong)經(jing)理林長海介紹，除盡可能地(di)增加(jia)資源供(gong)應量(liang)外，按時完成對(dui)缺(que)口氣(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)的壓(ya)減，是(shi)確保(bao)今(jin)(jin)(jin)冬(dong)(dong)明(ming)春用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)安全的現實途(tu)徑。據介紹，每年真(zhen)正的用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)高峰(feng)在12月和1月。預測今(jin)(jin)(jin)冬(dong)(dong)華(hua)北(bei)地(di)區用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)高峰(feng)達到每天(tian)7100萬(wan)(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)，屆時每天(tian)用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缺(que)口將達800萬(wan)(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)，南方(fang)每天(tian)用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缺(que)口為(wei)500萬(wan)(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)至600萬(wan)(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。林長海表示，通過(guo)進一步壓(ya)減工業(ye)用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，今(jin)(jin)(jin)冬(dong)(dong)明(ming)春居民和采暖用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)保(bao)障。
據了解，即使在武漢、重慶和杭州等南方天然氣(qi)供(gong)應比(bi)較(jiao)緊張的地區，由于及時(shi)采(cai)取壓減工業用(yong)氣(qi)等調(diao)峰措施，城市居民用(yong)氣(qi)也有保障。
國內天(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)市場研(yan)究專家楊建紅表示，峰谷(gu)差是天(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)市場普(pu)遍存在(zai)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，應對峰谷(gu)差需要(yao)進(jin)一(yi)步加(jia)強需求側研(yan)究，形成(cheng)科學合理(li)的(de)(de)用氣(qi)(qi)結構。我國天(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)產業處(chu)在(zai)大發(fa)展階段，調峰能力和設施還有很大的(de)(de)發(fa)展空間。他建議，在(zai)天(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)下游市場開發(fa)中(zhong)，要(yao)嚴格遵循“民(min)用優先(xian)”的(de)(de)原則，當二者發(fa)生矛盾時，要(yao)優先(xian)保障居民(min)用氣(qi)(qi)。
另據(ju)介紹，我國目前(qian)天然氣(qi)年(nian)商品量為700億立(li)方米(mi)左右，其(qi)中(zhong)工(gong)業用氣(qi)占30%。專家表示，工(gong)業用氣(qi)保持(chi)一定比例，有利于緩解天然氣(qi)峰谷差壓力。在供氣(qi)緊張階段，工(gong)業用戶也成為提高調峰能力的“調節閥”。