文章來源:中國水電(dian)工程(cheng)顧問集團(tuan)公司 發布時間:2009-08-19
2008年8月(yue)8日(ri)18時50分,在(zai)舉世矚目的(de)北京29屆奧運會開幕(mu)前夕,在(zai)雅礱江錦屏二級水電(dian)站建(jian)設工地(di)上,隨著一(yi)聲(sheng)喜(xi)慶的(de)禮炮聲(sheng)響,錦屏山輔助(zhu)洞實(shi)現雙洞貫通(tong),刷新了強巖爆綜合防治、高壓地(di)下(xia)水洞段掘進與封堵、無軌運輸、巷道式通(tong)風獨(du)頭掘進等多項世界紀錄。
錦(jin)(jin)屏(ping)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)洞(dong)(dong)為(wei)國內第(di)一(yi)、世界(jie)第(di)二(er)(er)深(shen)埋(mai)隧(sui)道(dao),是(shi)一(yi)個世界(jie)級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程。錦(jin)(jin)屏(ping)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)洞(dong)(dong)由兩(liang)條長約17.5公(gong)里的(de)(de)(de)平行的(de)(de)(de)單車道(dao)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)組成(cheng),橫穿錦(jin)(jin)屏(ping)山,最(zui)大埋(mai)深(shen)2375m。錦(jin)(jin)屏(ping)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)洞(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)建成(cheng)使得(de)錦(jin)(jin)屏(ping)二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)廠房到電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進水(shui)口的(de)(de)(de)130公(gong)里繞大河灣(wan)沿(yan)江公(gong)路縮(suo)短到最(zui)短,對(dui)(dui)加快錦(jin)(jin)屏(ping)一(yi)、二(er)(er)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)建設具有極其重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)。同時,錦(jin)(jin)屏(ping)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)洞(dong)(dong)也是(shi)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)礱(long)(long)江沿(yan)江公(gong)路的(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)干工(gong)(gong)程,由此可以上溯(su)直至(zhi)卡拉(la)、楊房溝(gou)等水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),把(ba)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)礱(long)(long)江梯級(ji)(ji)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)顆(ke)顆(ke)明珠連成(cheng)一(yi)串(chuan)光彩奪(duo)目的(de)(de)(de)項鏈,加快了(le)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)礱(long)(long)江水(shui)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)滾動(dong)開發(fa)。錦(jin)(jin)屏(ping)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)洞(dong)(dong)還是(shi)錦(jin)(jin)屏(ping)二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)引水(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)超前(qian)勘(kan)探(tan)洞(dong)(dong)和科學試驗洞(dong)(dong),對(dui)(dui)減輕引水(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)難度、逐步(bu)釋放(fang)高壓(ya)涌突水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)風險、乃至(zhi)決策TBM施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)具有決定性的(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)。
錦(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屏(ping)輔助洞承載(zai)了半個世紀以來水(shui)電(dian)(dian)顧(gu)問華(hua)(hua)東院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)幾代(dai)(dai)人的(de)夢(meng)想。早(zao)在上(shang)世紀六十(shi)年(nian)代(dai)(dai),水(shui)電(dian)(dian)顧(gu)問華(hua)(hua)東院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)前(qian)身——原(yuan)上(shang)海院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就派出了700多名技術干部,懷著(zhu)(zhu)“打通錦(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屏(ping)山(shan),開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)大河(he)灣”的(de)夢(meng)想和凌云(yun)壯志,拋家(jia)別子,來到錦(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屏(ping)山(shan)下。正當勘測設(she)計(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作卓有(you)成效開(kai)(kai)(kai)展之際,然而由(you)于“十(shi)年(nian)浩(hao)劫”的(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始,工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)被迫(po)全(quan)面(mian)停(ting)止。但(dan)錦(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屏(ping)山(shan)始終在召喚著(zhu)(zhu)人們(men)去認識她(ta),開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)她(ta),從上(shang)世紀八十(shi)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)以后,錦(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屏(ping)二級的(de)勘測設(she)計(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作雖幾經坎坷(ke)與磨難,勘測設(she)計(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作始終沒有(you)停(ting)滯。為進(jin)一(yi)步探(tan)明錦(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屏(ping)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)地質(zhi)和水(shui)文地質(zhi)條件,歷時(shi)數年(nian),水(shui)電(dian)(dian)顧(gu)問華(hua)(hua)東院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖了兩條長(chang)達5公(gong)里的(de)長(chang)探(tan)硐,為錦(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屏(ping)輔助洞和錦(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屏(ping)二級水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建設(she)奠定了堅實的(de)基礎。
此后,水(shui)(shui)(shui)電顧問華東院的(de)(de)技(ji)術人員從長探硐(dong)的(de)(de)開挖、地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)封堵所揭露的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文地質現象分析入手,開展了長期(qi)的(de)(de)科學(xue)研究及(ji)世界(jie)上(shang)規模(mo)最大(da)的(de)(de)地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)示(shi)蹤試(shi)驗,多次翻越海拔4488米(mi)的(de)(de)錦(jin)(jin)屏山(shan),踏(ta)遍了雅礱江(jiang)兩岸的(de)(de)山(shan)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui),掌握(wo)了大(da)量的(de)(de)第一手資料,在2001年(nian)提交(jiao)的(de)(de)《錦(jin)(jin)屏二(er)(er)級水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站引水(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)成(cheng)立(li)可能性論(lun)證報(bao)告》中,以(yi)充足(zu)的(de)(de)勘探試(shi)驗資料和論(lun)據(ju),得出(chu)了錦(jin)(jin)屏二(er)(er)級水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站引水(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)是成(cheng)立(li)的(de)(de)結論(lun)。
隨后的幾年里,勘測設(she)計(ji)工作穩步推進(jin)(jin),在二灘(tan)公司(si)的決策(ce)下,以與東(dong)端輔助(zhu)洞(dong)進(jin)(jin)口段相(xiang)結合的形式(shi),在沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)交通、沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)電、沒(mei)(mei)(mei)的水、施工條件極為惡劣的情況下,水電顧問(wen)華東(dong)院著(zhu)手實施800米長探洞(dong),為輔助(zhu)洞(dong)的大力推進(jin)(jin)起(qi)到(dao)了重要作用。
2004年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)1日,錦屏輔助(zhu)洞(dong)終于正式開(kai)工(gong),在(zai)之(zhi)后(hou)的(de)(de)四年(nian)(nian)半時間里,克服了鉆(zhan)爆法施(shi)(shi)工(gong)獨頭(tou)掘進9500m、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)通(tong)風困(kun)難(nan)、高(gao)壓(ya)大流(liu)量突涌(yong)水(shui)、高(gao)地(di)應(ying)力巖爆等(deng)諸多具有世(shi)界級難(nan)度的(de)(de)技術(shu)難(nan)題(ti),終于迎來了2008年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)16日B洞(dong)的(de)(de)率先貫通(tong),8月(yue)8日實現了雙洞(dong)貫通(tong),預計(ji)年(nian)(nian)底具備單洞(dong)通(tong)車的(de)(de)條(tiao)件。