文章來源:中國建(jian)筑(zhu)集團有(you)限公司 發(fa)布時(shi)間:2023-10-25
中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)海(hai)外發(fa)展(zhan)有限(xian)(xian)公司(si)(以下簡稱中(zhong)海(hai)發(fa)展(zhan))隸屬于中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建筑集團(tuan)有限(xian)(xian)公司(si),是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)地最大的寫字樓發(fa)展(zhan)運營(ying)商(shang),盈利能力行(xing)業(ye)領先,連(lian)續(xu)18年獲(huo)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)藍籌地產(chan)企業(ye),連(lian)續(xu)17年獲(huo)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)房(fang)地產(chan)行(xing)業(ye)領導品(pin)牌。中(zhong)海(hai)發(fa)展(zhan)充分認識開展(zhan)對標世界一流管(guan)理(li)提(ti)升行(xing)動(dong)的重要意(yi)義(yi),矢志不渝建設一流、學習一流、趕超一流;在行(xing)業(ye)的劇(ju)烈(lie)波動(dong)調整(zheng)中(zhong),恪守穩(wen)(wen)健經營(ying),筑牢風(feng)險(xian)(xian)防線(xian),堅持體系(xi)化風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)思維,革新(xin)技術防控手段,穩(wen)(wen)步建立風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)長效機制,形(xing)成(cheng)了一套行(xing)之有效的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)體系(xi)。
筑牢三層架構 實現風險管理組織保障有力
房地產(chan)行(xing)業具(ju)有(you)資金(jin)集聚密(mi)、項(xiang)目開(kai)(kai)發(fa)周期長、產(chan)業鏈輻射領域廣、受政策(ce)影響大等特征,風險(xian)(xian)貫穿項(xiang)目開(kai)(kai)發(fa)運營全過程(cheng)。中海發(fa)展堅持系統(tong)思維,把風險(xian)(xian)管理(li)工作納入全局(ju)考慮,同(tong)(tong)部署、同(tong)(tong)推動、同(tong)(tong)監督,不斷鞏固“風險(xian)(xian)管理(li)委員會—總部職(zhi)能部門(men)—地區子公司(si)”管理(li)架構(gou),保證組織堅強有(you)力(li)。
強化頂層設計(ji),健全(quan)領(ling)導(dao)機制。建立健全(quan)黨委(wei)會、執(zhi)行(xing)董事會(執(zhi)董會)對(dui)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管理的領(ling)導(dao)機制,將公(gong)司(si)重大(da)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)事項納入(ru)公(gong)司(si)黨委(wei)會前置(zhi)研究審議清單,落(luo)實主要負責人對(dui)公(gong)司(si)重大(da)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)承擔“一(yi)把(ba)手”責任,執(zhi)董會下(xia)設風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管理委(wei)員會(以下(xia)簡稱風(feng)委(wei)會),審議公(gong)司(si)各類風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)事項,監督推進決策執(zhi)行(xing),向黨委(wei)會、執(zhi)董會負責并定期報告(gao)。
明確(que)職能分工(gong)(gong),打(da)造協(xie)同體(ti)系。各(ge)(ge)職能部門(men)共(gong)同參與風(feng)控(kong)體(ti)系建設。由風(feng)委會下設辦公(gong)室統(tong)籌(chou)負責(ze)制(zhi)度(du)建設、機制(zhi)運(yun)行(xing)及(ji)監督(du)、風(feng)險(xian)決策事(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)提報和執行(xing)跟蹤(zong),強化(hua)辦公(gong)室牽(qian)頭組織落(luo)實責(ze)任(ren)。各(ge)(ge)部門(men)按照職責(ze)分工(gong)(gong)負責(ze)風(feng)險(xian)制(zhi)度(du)建設、機制(zhi)運(yun)行(xing)及(ji)風(feng)險(xian)應對,參與風(feng)委會項(xiang)(xiang)目審議。
堅(jian)持精準授權,賦(fu)能一線管控。根據風(feng)險事(shi)項的性質、影響、緊急(ji)程(cheng)度、涉(she)及(ji)金額(e)大小(xiao)等因素,賦(fu)予各子公(gong)司(si)風(feng)險管理(li)的相應職責(ze)(ze)。如對于(yu)運營風(feng)險事(shi)項,由總部負責(ze)(ze)監(jian)控三(san)星(xing)級風(feng)險,區域負責(ze)(ze)監(jian)控二星(xing)級風(feng)險,地區公(gong)司(si)負責(ze)(ze)識別全部風(feng)險事(shi)項,初步(bu)定(ding)級后上報,并負責(ze)(ze)風(feng)險事(shi)項推進(jin)解除。各子公(gong)司(si)在授權范圍內承(cheng)擔本單位風(feng)險管理(li)主體責(ze)(ze)任,接受公(gong)司(si)風(feng)委會(hui)監(jian)督檢(jian)查。
聚焦三個平臺 突出風險管理軟實力和硬科技
卓越的風(feng)險(xian)管控(kong)(kong)能(neng)力(li)是世界(jie)一流企業必(bi)備(bei)的核心競爭(zheng)力(li)之一。公司對(dui)標行業內外優(you)秀案例,利用(yong)數據科(ke)技(ji)優(you)勢建設“技(ji)防”平(ping)臺(tai),搭建“后臺(tai)、中臺(tai)、前臺(tai)”,即風(feng)險(xian)動態評(ping)估機制、監控(kong)(kong)協同機制、風(feng)險(xian)處置和追(zhui)責機制,確保風(feng)險(xian)管理系統顯實效。
將風控措施(shi)融入(ru)業(ye)務(wu)管(guan)理全(quan)流程各(ge)環(huan)節。從房(fang)地(di)產開發業(ye)務(wu)全(quan)流程、各(ge)環(huan)節入(ru)手,使用科學化(hua)(hua)、信息(xi)化(hua)(hua)、刻度(du)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理工具,系統、全(quan)面提升風險(xian)管(guan)控能力。在投資(zi)環(huan)節,建立(li)投資(zi)地(di)圖(tu)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)地(di)圖(tu)輔助(zhu)決策系統,突出投資(zi)重(zhong)點(dian)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)重(zhong)點(dian)板塊及投資(zi)類(lei)別,實(shi)現城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)解讀系統化(hua)(hua)、深度(du)化(hua)(hua),有效降低投資(zi)風險(xian);在運營(ying)環(huan)節,實(shi)施(shi)運營(ying)風險(xian)動(dong)態評(ping)(ping)級(ji)與控制(zhi),將項(xiang)(xiang)目按照整體運營(ying)風險(xian)等級(ji)分為集團(tuan)三星(xing)管(guan)控項(xiang)(xiang)目、區(qu)域二星(xing)管(guan)控項(xiang)(xiang)目和(he)地(di)區(qu)管(guan)控項(xiang)(xiang)目三類(lei);在交付環(huan)節,開展交付風險(xian)評(ping)(ping)級(ji)與控制(zhi),對(dui)于產品交付前的(de)風險(xian)點(dian)進(jin)行梳理,針(zhen)對(dui)風險(xian)項(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)客戶的(de)影響(xiang)度(du)以(yi)及可能產生(sheng)投訴的(de)風險(xian)作出綜合評(ping)(ping)估和(he)評(ping)(ping)級(ji)判(pan)定。
編制“風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)地(di)圖”描繪“風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)畫像”。將風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)按(an)照宏(hong)觀(guan)、中(zhong)觀(guan)和(he)微觀(guan)分類(lei),開發(fa)(fa)出符合實際的(de)(de)“風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)地(di)圖”。宏(hong)觀(guan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)對(dui)(dui)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)戰略和(he)經營策略都(dou)會(hui)產生深層次影(ying)(ying)(ying)響,主要包括經濟(ji)、市(shi)場、政(zheng)策等(deng)方(fang)面風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)每(mei)年(nian)組織分析(xi)梳理(li)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)十大風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)事項(xiang),研(yan)究(jiu)制定(ding)防控措(cuo)施,分解到各(ge)職(zhi)能線,定(ding)期向黨(dang)委會(hui)和(he)董(dong)事會(hui)報告。中(zhong)觀(guan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)著眼于對(dui)(dui)具體某一子公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)產生影(ying)(ying)(ying)響的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian),如存貨數量和(he)結構是否支持其可(ke)持續健康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)等(deng),形成各(ge)子公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)“風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)畫像”,為其提升風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理(li)水(shui)平明確方(fang)向。微觀(guan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)針對(dui)(dui)投資、設計、工程(cheng)、營銷等(deng)具體崗位(wei),從效能、程(cheng)序和(he)廉(lian)潔(jie)等(deng)維度梳理(li)崗位(wei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian),逐一對(dui)(dui)應制定(ding)操作(zuo)層面防控措(cuo)施。
培育風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理“軟實力”。牢固樹(shu)立穩健經(jing)營理念,設置(zhi)經(jing)營紅線,嚴控(kong)(kong)資(zi)產(chan)負債率、凈借(jie)貸(dai)比(bi)等(deng)指標,確保在(zai)手現金占總資(zi)產(chan)的(de)比(bi)重保持(chi)在(zai)10%以(yi)上。制訂風(feng)險(xian)(xian)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)手冊,從制度上建立業務活動(dong)、職能履行(xing)和風(feng)險(xian)(xian)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)之間(jian)的(de)直接聯(lian)系。制作推廣“風(feng)險(xian)(xian)書簽”“清風(feng)錦囊”等(deng)8項風(feng)險(xian)(xian)宣(xuan)教產(chan)品,發送風(feng)險(xian)(xian)教育長圖18張,確保系統、全(quan)面理解企(qi)業風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理文化和管理要求。
積(ji)極打造風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理“硬科技”。啟動風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理信(xin)息系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)建(jian)設,推(tui)動年度風(feng)險(xian)、運營(ying)風(feng)險(xian)、法律風(feng)險(xian)、日(ri)常風(feng)險(xian)處(chu)置模塊上(shang)(shang)線(xian)(xian)(xian),實(shi)現(xian)(xian)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)化(hua)、動態化(hua)、精細化(hua)。主動與平安(an)、華為等企業(ye)對標,完成風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)框架搭建(jian)。建(jian)立信(xin)息化(hua)工具,實(shi)現(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)識別風(feng)險(xian),上(shang)(shang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)風(feng)險(xian)預警指標30余(yu)項,在(zai)利用信(xin)息化(hua)手段偵測風(feng)險(xian)事項方面(mian)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)了從(cong)0到(dao)1的(de)突(tu)破。
形成PDCA循環 推動風險管理長效建設
中海發展緊扣風險事項發展流程,按(an)照PDCA循環開(kai)展風險管理,從(cong)全(quan)局高度建設長效機制,為公司高質(zhi)量(liang)發展保駕護航。
廣(guang)泛開展(zhan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)識(shi)(shi)別,推(tui)進風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估。每年定期開展(zhan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)識(shi)(shi)別,由風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理團隊匯總形(xing)成公司年度(du)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)清單(dan);法律、運營(ying)(ying)等職能線對日常經(jing)營(ying)(ying)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)作出識(shi)(shi)別,形(xing)成日常風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)清單(dan),并保持逐年刷新(xin),為風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估提(ti)供基礎數(shu)據。
認真(zhen)組織風險(xian)評(ping)(ping)估,制(zhi)定應對措施(shi)。風委會辦公室協調總部(bu)部(bu)門確(que)認風險(xian)管(guan)控措施(shi)和責任部(bu)門,各(ge)部(bu)門對年度風險(xian)進行(xing)評(ping)(ping)分,得出(chu)風險(xian)排序(xu)和評(ping)(ping)級;法律、運營等職能線對日(ri)常(chang)風險(xian)評(ping)(ping)估,并(bing)按照三個星級作出(chu)區分,定期檢測星級評(ping)(ping)定合理性(xing)并(bing)適(shi)時(shi)調整,確(que)保風險(xian)應對措施(shi)科學性(xing)。
精準實(shi)施(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)化解,確保風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)可控(kong)。各級(ji)單位(wei)在授權范圍(wei)內,比照風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)評估結(jie)果(guo)及應(ying)對(dui)預案,對(dui)發生的風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)事項實(shi)施(shi)(shi)精準防控(kong),采取相應(ying)應(ying)對(dui)策略處置后,報送風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)委會審核或者備案。年度風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)應(ying)對(dui)措施(shi)(shi)經公司審議后,由(you)主(zhu)輔責部(bu)門協同執行;日常風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)由(you)職能(neng)部(bu)門牽頭,各子公司逐一落(luo)實(shi)。
著(zhu)力(li)夯實風(feng)控(kong)效果監(jian)督(du)(du),倒(dao)逼風(feng)險(xian)識(shi)別(bie)。定期復盤風(feng)險(xian)應(ying)對(dui)措施運用情況(kuang),檢視風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)控(kong)效果;風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理團(tuan)隊與(yu)職(zhi)能部(bu)門建立滾動管(guan)理機制,向(xiang)風(feng)委(wei)會雙(shuang)月匯報。審計(ji)部(bu)與(yu)總(zong)部(bu)職(zhi)能部(bu)門開展不定期溝(gou)通(tong),搭建協商平臺,對(dui)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)控(kong)進行監(jian)督(du)(du)評價。風(feng)委(wei)會按年(nian)綜合(he)檢查(cha)和監(jian)督(du)(du)結果,反饋并(bing)優化年(nian)度(du)風(feng)險(xian)識(shi)別(bie)。
中(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)發(fa)展成立43年(nian)以來,始終堅守長(chang)期主(zhu)義(yi),堅持財務穩健(jian)基礎上的高質量發(fa)展,切實(shi)提(ti)升風險管(guan)理能力,嚴守不發(fa)生系統性風險底線(xian)。上市30年(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)發(fa)展市值增(zeng)長(chang)近60倍,每股盈利年(nian)復合增(zeng)長(chang)12%。截至(zhi)2021年(nian)末(mo),中(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)發(fa)展資產負債率為58.9%,凈借貸(dai)比率為32.3%,未觸“三條紅線(xian)”,繼續保持處于“綠檔(dang)”。今年(nian)年(nian)內,中(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)發(fa)展加權平均融資成本3.55%,持續保持行業最低區間,為企業長(chang)期健(jian)康奠定了良好基礎。
【責(ze)任編(bian)輯:俞(yu)昭(zhao)君】