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3月，北京最后一座燃煤(mei)電廠停機備用，這標志著北京成為全國首個全部依靠清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電和(he)外受電的城市。大(da)力使用清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)是推(tui)動(dong)城市能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型、實現清(qing)潔(jie)低碳發展的關(guan)鍵(jian)。近年來，國家電網公(gong)司認真落實《大(da)氣(qi)污染防(fang)治行(xing)動(dong)計(ji)劃(hua)》，支持(chi)和(he)服(fu)務可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展，通(tong)過加快(kuai)跨(kua)區電網建(jian)設、組織新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)大(da)范圍(wei)交(jiao)易、強化全網統一調度，推(tui)動(dong)“三北”地(di)區大(da)量可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)外送至東(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)部消(xiao)納，為東(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)部城市全面(mian)推(tui)進電能(neng)(neng)替(ti)代和(he)治理霧霾，走清(qing)潔(jie)發展道(dao)路做(zuo)出積極貢獻。

使用遠方(fang)可再生能源電力 實現東中部城市清潔發展轉型

電(dian)(dian)(dian)是二次清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，東(dong)(dong)中部(bu)城(cheng)市(shi)實現清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)發(fa)展(zhan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)，需(xu)要全(quan)面實施電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替(ti)代，通過以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)代煤、以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)代油，切實提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在城(cheng)市(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費的比(bi)重(zhong)。在當前煤炭產業去產能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、嚴格控制東(dong)(dong)中部(bu)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)展(zhan)的背景下，東(dong)(dong)中部(bu)城(cheng)市(shi)替(ti)代的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)還必須是來自清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。但目前北(bei)京、天津(jin)等(deng)東(dong)(dong)中部(bu)一線(xian)城(cheng)市(shi)的清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)比(bi)重(zhong)低，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)壓(ya)力大(da)。截至(zhi)2016年(nian)底，北(bei)京、天津(jin)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)總(zong)裝機(ji)分別達(da)到(dao)1103萬、1467萬千瓦，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)裝機(ji)占比(bi)均不到(dao)15%，未來必須提(ti)高可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量消費比(bi)重(zhong)。

從東(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)部一線(xian)城市(shi)可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)稟賦看，目前(qian)北京(jing)、天津(jin)水能(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)匱(kui)乏，清潔發展需要依靠風能(neng)和(he)太陽(yang)能(neng)。根(gen)據中(zhong)(zhong)國氣(qi)象局最新資源(yuan)(yuan)普查數據和(he)相(xiang)關研究結論，北京(jing)、天津(jin)80米高風能(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)的開(kai)發潛力(li)分別(bie)僅為(wei)39萬(wan)、46萬(wan)千瓦(wa)，分布式光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)發上(shang)限(xian)分別(bie)為(wei)460萬(wan)、360萬(wan)千瓦(wa)。按全(quan)部開(kai)發本地(di)可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)測算，未來北京(jing)、天津(jin)本地(di)可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機占比分別(bie)達到約(yue)30%和(he)20%，可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量占本地(di)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的比例僅為(wei)5%和(he)6%，對優化電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)結構、推(tui)動能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型的作用非常有限(xian)，客觀上(shang)決定(ding)了(le)一線(xian)城市(shi)仍然需要大量接受外來可再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)。

積極(ji)推(tui)動可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)跨區外送 可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)外送電量規模創新高

加(jia)快可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)配套跨(kua)區(qu)電(dian)網建(jian)設，為“三(san)北”地(di)區(qu)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)大規模外送創造條件。目前納入大氣污染防治(zhi)行動(dong)計劃“四交(jiao)四直(zhi)(zhi)”特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)輸電(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)全部(bu)(bu)開(kai)工(gong)建(jian)設，已(yi)建(jian)成投(tou)運寧東(dong)～浙江±800千(qian)(qian)伏特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、錫盟(meng)～山東(dong)1000千(qian)(qian)伏特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、蒙西(xi)～天津南1000千(qian)(qian)伏特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、哈密～鄭州±800千(qian)(qian)伏特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，線(xian)(xian)路(lu)長度合(he)計達到5168公(gong)里，輸送能(neng)力(li)(li)3300萬千(qian)(qian)瓦，對西(xi)北和蒙西(xi)地(di)區(qu)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)外送東(dong)中部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)消納發(fa)揮了重要作用。加(jia)快推進酒泉(quan)～湖南±800千(qian)(qian)伏特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、扎魯(lu)特(te)～山東(dong)±800千(qian)(qian)伏特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、準東(dong)～皖(wan)南±1100千(qian)(qian)伏特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，線(xian)(xian)路(lu)長度合(he)計達到6941公(gong)里，輸送能(neng)力(li)(li)3000萬千(qian)(qian)瓦。

積極組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，擴大可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。2016年(nian)，北京電(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中心掛牌成(cheng)立，發(fa)揮(hui)大電(dian)(dian)網(wang)、大市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、大平臺優(you)化配置能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)的優(you)勢，全年(nian)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)各類交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)1200余次(ci)，完(wan)成(cheng)包括可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)在內(nei)的市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)7907億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)長59%。組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)跨(kua)省跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)3332億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)長10.3%。其(qi)中，完(wan)成(cheng)國家(jia)計劃、政府間協(xie)議2760億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)長11.7%；多措并(bing)舉組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)572億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)長3.9%。創新可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)方式(shi)，開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)電(dian)(dian)力援疆、新疆可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)外送電(dian)(dian)量(liang)增(zeng)加3.69億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)；開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)直接(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，通過寧(ning)東～浙(zhe)江特高壓輸電(dian)(dian)線路完(wan)成(cheng)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)直接(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)18億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)；開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)風(feng)火發(fa)電(dian)(dian)權交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，寧(ning)夏新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)替代上海火電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)0.74億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)啟動跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)跨(kua)省現貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，2017年(nian)1月份，組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)現貨交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)共計105筆(bi)1.8億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。

充分(fen)發揮大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)優勢，加強全網(wang)調峰(feng)資源和通(tong)(tong)道富余送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力(li)的集中(zhong)監控，盡最大可能利用(yong)現有跨(kua)區線路(lu)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力(li)輸送(song)(song)可再生能源。低谷時段(duan)將(jiang)跨(kua)省跨(kua)區送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率提高，最大限度(du)輸送(song)(song)新能源。東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)提高高嶺背(bei)靠背(bei)直(zhi)流低谷時段(duan)送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率，增加風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)送(song)(song)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)。2015、2016年(nian)(nian)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)送(song)(song)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)分(fen)別為(wei)53億、61億千(qian)瓦時，占東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)年(nian)(nian)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的比例(li)為(wei)13%、14%。華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)利用(yong)蒙西(xi)外(wai)送(song)(song)通(tong)(tong)道低谷富余容量(liang)(liang)，增加蒙西(xi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)外(wai)送(song)(song)。2015、2016年(nian)(nian)蒙西(xi)送(song)(song)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)分(fen)別達到85億、84億千(qian)瓦時，占蒙西(xi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)年(nian)(nian)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的比例(li)分(fen)別為(wei)33%、29%。

通過多方面的(de)努力，近年(nian)來(lai)“三北”地區可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源外(wai)送至(zhi)東(dong)中部電(dian)(dian)量不斷(duan)提(ti)(ti)高。風電(dian)(dian)和太陽能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)等可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源外(wai)送電(dian)(dian)量從2010年(nian)1.5億千瓦時提(ti)(ti)高到2016年(nian)的(de)363億千瓦時，年(nian)均增長150%。

著力打(da)破(po)省間壁壘 提高“三北(bei)”可再(zai)生能源外送電(dian)量比例

雖然目前“三北”地區(qu)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)外送東中(zhong)部(bu)的電量不斷提高，但支撐東中(zhong)部(bu)一線城市實現清潔發展轉(zhuan)型還不夠。按照2020年北京、天(tian)津可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)消費電量占本地用電量比例均達到20%測(ce)算，需要接(jie)受(shou)外來可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)電量分(fen)別(bie)約(yue)為(wei)194億、162億千瓦時，而2016年全(quan)年接(jie)納(na)的可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)電量僅為(wei)45億、36億千瓦時。

未來需要(yao)大力(li)(li)提高東中部一(yi)線(xian)城(cheng)市接(jie)納(na)外來可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)量比例。但當前(qian)突出(chu)問(wen)題是，可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能源跨區外送(song)面(mian)臨嚴(yan)重的(de)省間(jian)壁壘。國內經濟(ji)形勢尚未回(hui)暖，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供大于求(qiu)，可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能源由于沒有(you)配套的(de)國家計劃，加之具有(you)隨(sui)機性，帶(dai)來輔助服務(wu)問(wen)題，跨區消(xiao)納(na)的(de)壁壘更加突出(chu)。目前(qian)，各地政府普遍對省間(jian)交易進(jin)行行政干(gan)預(yu)，干(gan)預(yu)力(li)(li)度不(bu)斷加大。部分省份經濟(ji)主管部門要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)在(zai)本省發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組達到一(yi)定利用小(xiao)時(shi)數前(qian)，不(bu)得購買(mai)低(di)價外來電(dian)(dian)(dian)，嚴(yan)重制約可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能源跨區外送(song)。

當(dang)務(wu)之(zhi)急(ji)是加(jia)快構建(jian)全國統一電(dian)力市場，建(jian)立(li)有利于打破省間(jian)壁(bi)壘(lei)(lei)、促(cu)進可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)跨(kua)區(qu)消納(na)(na)的(de)(de)電(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)和(he)(he)配額制(zhi)度(du)。完善中(zhong)長期和(he)(he)現貨市場交易體系，搭建(jian)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)參與的(de)(de)跨(kua)區(qu)資源(yuan)優化(hua)配置平臺，通過市場機(ji)制(zhi)推(tui)動打破省間(jian)壁(bi)壘(lei)(lei)，促(cu)進可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)在更大(da)范圍消納(na)(na)。推(tui)動落(luo)實可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)配額制(zhi)度(du)，支持建(jian)立(li)配額制(zhi)和(he)(he)綠色(se)證(zheng)書(shu)交易相結(jie)合的(de)(de)市場化(hua)補貼(tie)政(zheng)策(ce)，積(ji)極(ji)制(zhi)定(ding)“十三五(wu)”分年(nian)度(du)東中(zhong)部地區(qu)各省可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)量占比指標，明確(que)消納(na)(na)責任(ren)，建(jian)立(li)考(kao)核機(ji)制(zhi)。