免费菠萝视频app下载

3月(yue)，北京(jing)最(zui)后一座燃煤(mei)電廠停機備用，這標志著北京(jing)成為全(quan)(quan)國首個(ge)全(quan)(quan)部依(yi)靠清(qing)潔(jie)能源(yuan)(yuan)發電和外受(shou)電的城(cheng)市(shi)。大力使用清(qing)潔(jie)能源(yuan)(yuan)是推動(dong)城(cheng)市(shi)能源(yuan)(yuan)轉型、實現清(qing)潔(jie)低(di)碳(tan)發展(zhan)的關鍵。近(jin)年來，國家電網公司認真(zhen)落實《大氣(qi)污(wu)染(ran)防治行動(dong)計劃》，支持和服務可再生(sheng)(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)，通過加快跨區(qu)電網建設、組(zu)織新能源(yuan)(yuan)大范圍交易(yi)、強化(hua)全(quan)(quan)網統一調度，推動(dong)“三北”地區(qu)大量(liang)可再生(sheng)(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)外送至東中部消納，為東中部城(cheng)市(shi)全(quan)(quan)面推進(jin)電能替代和治理霧(wu)霾，走清(qing)潔(jie)發展(zhan)道路做出積極(ji)貢獻。

使(shi)用遠方可再生能源電力 實現東中部城(cheng)市清潔發展轉型

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是二次(ci)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，東(dong)中部(bu)(bu)城(cheng)市實現清(qing)潔(jie)發(fa)展轉型，需要全面實施電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)，通過以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)代(dai)煤、以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)代(dai)油，切實提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)城(cheng)市能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)的比(bi)重(zhong)。在(zai)當(dang)前煤炭產業去產能(neng)(neng)(neng)、嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)東(dong)中部(bu)(bu)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)展的背景下(xia)，東(dong)中部(bu)(bu)城(cheng)市替(ti)(ti)代(dai)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)還必須是來(lai)自清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。但目前北京(jing)、天(tian)津(jin)等(deng)(deng)東(dong)中部(bu)(bu)一線(xian)城(cheng)市的清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)比(bi)重(zhong)低，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型壓力大。截(jie)至(zhi)2016年底，北京(jing)、天(tian)津(jin)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)總裝機(ji)分別達到1103萬、1467萬千瓦，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)裝機(ji)占比(bi)均不(bu)到15%，未來(lai)必須提高(gao)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量消(xiao)費(fei)比(bi)重(zhong)。

從東中部一(yi)線城(cheng)市(shi)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)稟賦(fu)看(kan)，目前北京、天津水能(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)匱乏(fa)，清潔發展需(xu)要(yao)依靠風能(neng)(neng)和(he)太陽能(neng)(neng)。根據(ju)中國(guo)氣象(xiang)局最(zui)新資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)普(pu)查數據(ju)和(he)相關研究結論，北京、天津80米高(gao)風能(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)開(kai)發潛力(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)別僅為39萬(wan)、46萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式光伏(fu)發電(dian)開(kai)發上限(xian)分(fen)(fen)別為460萬(wan)、360萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦。按全(quan)部開(kai)發本地(di)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)測算，未來北京、天津本地(di)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝機占比(bi)分(fen)(fen)別達到約(yue)30%和(he)20%，可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)量占本地(di)用電(dian)量的(de)(de)比(bi)例僅為5%和(he)6%，對優化電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結構、推動能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉型的(de)(de)作用非常有限(xian)，客觀(guan)上決(jue)定了一(yi)線城(cheng)市(shi)仍然需(xu)要(yao)大量接受外來可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)。

積極推動可再生能源(yuan)跨區外送 可再生能源(yuan)外送電(dian)量規模(mo)創新高

加快可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配套跨區電(dian)網建設，為(wei)“三北(bei)”地(di)區可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)大規模(mo)外送創(chuang)造條件。目(mu)前納(na)入(ru)大氣污染防治行(xing)動計(ji)劃“四交(jiao)四直”特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸電(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)全部開工(gong)建設，已(yi)建成投(tou)運寧東～浙江±800千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、錫盟～山(shan)東1000千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、蒙西(xi)～天津(jin)南(nan)1000千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、哈密～鄭(zheng)州±800千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，線路(lu)長(chang)度合計(ji)達到5168公里(li)，輸送能(neng)(neng)力(li)3300萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，對西(xi)北(bei)和蒙西(xi)地(di)區可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)外送東中(zhong)部地(di)區消納(na)發揮了(le)重要作用。加快推進酒泉～湖南(nan)±800千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、扎魯特(te)～山(shan)東±800千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、準東～皖南(nan)±1100千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，線路(lu)長(chang)度合計(ji)達到6941公里(li)，輸送能(neng)(neng)力(li)3000萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。

積(ji)極(ji)組織可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)交(jiao)易(yi)，擴(kuo)大可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納市場(chang)(chang)。2016年，北京電(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)易(yi)中心(xin)掛牌成(cheng)立，發(fa)揮(hui)大電(dian)(dian)網、大市場(chang)(chang)、大平(ping)臺優化配置能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的優勢(shi)，全年開(kai)展(zhan)各類交(jiao)易(yi)1200余次，完成(cheng)包括可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在內的市場(chang)(chang)化交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)7907億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比增長(chang)59%。組織可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)跨(kua)省跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)3332億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比增長(chang)10.3%。其中，完成(cheng)國家(jia)計劃、政(zheng)府間協議2760億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比增長(chang)11.7%；多措并舉組織市場(chang)(chang)化交(jiao)易(yi)572億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)比增長(chang)3.9%。創新可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市場(chang)(chang)化交(jiao)易(yi)方式，開(kai)展(zhan)電(dian)(dian)力援疆、新疆可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)外送電(dian)(dian)量(liang)增加(jia)3.69億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；開(kai)展(zhan)可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)直接交(jiao)易(yi)，通過寧(ning)東～浙江特(te)高壓輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)線路(lu)完成(cheng)可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)直接交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)18億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；開(kai)展(zhan)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)風火(huo)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)權交(jiao)易(yi)，寧(ning)夏新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)替代上海(hai)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)機組0.74億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。組織啟動跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)跨(kua)省現(xian)(xian)貨市場(chang)(chang)，2017年1月份(fen)，組織現(xian)(xian)貨交(jiao)易(yi)共(gong)計105筆1.8億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。

充分(fen)(fen)發揮大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)優勢，加強全網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)調峰資源(yuan)和通道(dao)(dao)富余送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力的(de)集中監(jian)控，盡(jin)最(zui)大(da)(da)可能(neng)利(li)用(yong)現有(you)跨(kua)區線路輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力輸(shu)送(song)可再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)。低(di)(di)谷(gu)時段將跨(kua)省跨(kua)區送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率提高(gao)，最(zui)大(da)(da)限度輸(shu)送(song)新能(neng)源(yuan)。東(dong)北(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)通過提高(gao)高(gao)嶺背靠背直流低(di)(di)谷(gu)時段送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率，增(zeng)加風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)外送(song)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。2015、2016年東(dong)北(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)送(song)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)為53億(yi)(yi)、61億(yi)(yi)千瓦時，占東(dong)北(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)年發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)比例(li)(li)為13%、14%。華(hua)北(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)利(li)用(yong)蒙(meng)(meng)西外送(song)通道(dao)(dao)低(di)(di)谷(gu)富余容量(liang)，增(zeng)加蒙(meng)(meng)西風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)外送(song)。2015、2016年蒙(meng)(meng)西送(song)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)達到(dao)85億(yi)(yi)、84億(yi)(yi)千瓦時，占蒙(meng)(meng)西風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)年發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)比例(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)為33%、29%。

通過多方面的努力，近年(nian)來“三北”地區可(ke)再生能源外(wai)送(song)至(zhi)東(dong)中部電(dian)量(liang)不斷提(ti)高。風(feng)電(dian)和太陽能發電(dian)等可(ke)再生能源外(wai)送(song)電(dian)量(liang)從2010年(nian)1.5億(yi)千瓦時(shi)提(ti)高到2016年(nian)的363億(yi)千瓦時(shi)，年(nian)均增(zeng)長(chang)150%。

著力打破省間壁(bi)壘 提高“三(san)北(bei)”可再(zai)生能源外(wai)送電(dian)量比例

雖(sui)然目前“三北(bei)”地區可再生能源外(wai)送東中部的電(dian)量不(bu)斷提高，但支撐東中部一線城市實(shi)現清潔發展轉型還不(bu)夠。按(an)照2020年北(bei)京、天津可再生能源消費(fei)電(dian)量占本地用電(dian)量比例均達到(dao)20%測算，需要(yao)接(jie)受(shou)外(wai)來可再生能源電(dian)量分(fen)別約為(wei)194億(yi)、162億(yi)千瓦時，而2016年全年接(jie)納的可再生能源電(dian)量僅為(wei)45億(yi)、36億(yi)千瓦時。

未(wei)來(lai)(lai)需要大力提高東中部一線城市接納外(wai)來(lai)(lai)可再(zai)生(sheng)能源電量(liang)比(bi)例。但當前(qian)突出問題是，可再(zai)生(sheng)能源跨區外(wai)送(song)面臨嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的省間壁壘(lei)。國內經(jing)濟形勢尚未(wei)回暖，電力供(gong)大于(yu)求，可再(zai)生(sheng)能源由于(yu)沒(mei)有(you)配套的國家計劃，加之具有(you)隨機性，帶來(lai)(lai)輔助(zhu)服務(wu)問題，跨區消納的壁壘(lei)更加突出。目前(qian)，各地政府普遍對省間交易進行行政干預，干預力度不(bu)(bu)斷加大。部分省份(fen)經(jing)濟主管部門(men)要求電網企業在本省發電機組達(da)到一定利用小時數前(qian)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)購買低價外(wai)來(lai)(lai)電，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)制約可再(zai)生(sheng)能源跨區外(wai)送(song)。

當務之急是(shi)加快構建全國(guo)統一電(dian)力市場，建立有利(li)于打破省間(jian)壁壘、促(cu)進可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源跨區消(xiao)納的(de)電(dian)價(jia)機制和(he)配(pei)額制度。完善中(zhong)長期和(he)現貨(huo)市場交易(yi)體系，搭建可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源參與的(de)跨區資源優化(hua)配(pei)置平臺，通過市場機制推動(dong)打破省間(jian)壁壘，促(cu)進可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源在更(geng)大(da)范圍消(xiao)納。推動(dong)落實(shi)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源配(pei)額制度，支持建立配(pei)額制和(he)綠(lv)色證(zheng)書(shu)交易(yi)相結合的(de)市場化(hua)補貼政策(ce)，積極制定“十三五”分(fen)年(nian)度東中(zhong)部地區各省可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源電(dian)量占比(bi)指標，明(ming)確消(xiao)納責任，建立考(kao)核機制。