文章來(lai)源：經濟參考報 發(fa)布時間：2021-07-06
新基建(jian)風口下，各路資(zi)本、各方(fang)人馬(ma)涌入充(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)行(xing)業，能否破解其盈利(li)困境(jing)？未來(lai)行(xing)業發展的(de)(de)方(fang)向是什么？近日，國網電動(dong)汽車(che)服務有限公司(si)（以(yi)下簡稱國網電動(dong)汽車(che)公司(si)）董事長、黨委書記全生明表示，今年以(yi)來(lai)，疫情加劇(ju)了(le)充(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)行(xing)業的(de)(de)盈利(li)難度，但(dan)新基建(jian)等(deng)一(yi)系列政(zheng)策出臺給這一(yi)行(xing)業打了(le)一(yi)針強心劑。
據(ju)透露，作為充換電(dian)行業(ye)的國(guo)(guo)家隊，國(guo)(guo)網電(dian)動汽車公司正在加(jia)快構建“全國(guo)(guo)充電(dian)一張網”。預計到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)底，平臺(tai)將實(shi)現注冊(ce)用戶(hu)數突破500萬，累計接入(ru)充電(dian)樁100萬根(gen)，年(nian)充電(dian)量達到(dao)(dao)15億千瓦時。
充換電行業盈利難度加大
近年來，在各(ge)方共同努力(li)下，我國新(xin)能源汽車進(jin)(jin)入加速發展的新(xin)階段。作為(wei)其不可或(huo)缺的配套產(chan)業，充換電行(xing)業也(ye)取(qu)得了巨大進(jin)(jin)步。
根據中國電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設施促進聯盟統計，截至今年5月(yue)，全(quan)國充(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設施累計數量(liang)為129.9萬臺(tai)(tai)，同(tong)比增加33.1%。其(qi)中公共充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)保(bao)有量(liang)55萬臺(tai)(tai)，私人充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)保(bao)有量(liang)74.9萬臺(tai)(tai)。“可(ke)以(yi)說(shuo)，充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設施的建(jian)設為滿足(zu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)需求做出了(le)(le)突出貢獻，有力(li)保(bao)障了(le)(le)我(wo)國新能源汽(qi)車(che)產業的快速發展。”全(quan)生(sheng)明稱。
但他(ta)表示(shi)，由于目前新能源汽車在整體(ti)汽車存量中占(zhan)比仍然較小，充(chong)(chong)換電(dian)行業(ye)普遍存在項目投(tou)入大、落地(di)難、回收周期(qi)長等問題，加之設(she)施(shi)平均利(li)用率低、市場競爭激烈，各平臺尚(shang)未(wei)實現完全互聯互通，運營商缺乏流量變現手段等因素，導致充(chong)(chong)換電(dian)行業(ye)盈(ying)利(li)比較困難。特別是(shi)今年(nian)以(yi)來，受疫情影響，私家車、運營車等各類車輛充(chong)(chong)電(dian)需求驟降，各充(chong)(chong)換電(dian)運營商上半年(nian)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)量、服(fu)務費收入顯著降低，在盈(ying)利(li)方式(shi)單一(yi)、缺乏其他(ta)增(zeng)值服(fu)務收入的情況下，進一(yi)步(bu)加劇了行業(ye)盈(ying)利(li)難度。
全生明說，目前充換(huan)電行(xing)業還存在設施分布不(bu)均衡、互(hu)聯互(hu)通廣度(du)和深度(du)不(bu)夠、智能化和互(hu)動化水(shui)平不(bu)高等問題，同時社區建樁(zhuang)難、數(shu)量少、利用率低，影響了新能源車主用車體(ti)驗(yan)和獲(huo)得感(gan)，充電樁(zhuang)體(ti)系建設亟待加強，充換(huan)電行(xing)業亟須更多的(de)政策(ce)支持和指(zhi)導。
迎來新基建政策春風
全生明認(ren)為，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁被(bei)納入(ru)新(xin)基建(jian)及一系列相(xiang)關支(zhi)持政(zheng)策的(de)(de)出臺(tai)，彰(zhang)顯了國家支(zhi)持新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)及充(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)決心(xin)(xin)，這(zhe)將有(you)效(xiao)解(jie)決電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)難題、促進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)加快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，對拉動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)走出短期底部(bu)、保障(zhang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)行(xing)(xing)(xing)穩致遠、更好(hao)(hao)滿足人(ren)民美好(hao)(hao)生活(huo)需要，具有(you)重要意(yi)義。同時，這(zhe)也給(gei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)打了一針強心(xin)(xin)劑，有(you)利于(yu)(yu)設(she)備制(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)、運營商(shang)等產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈上下(xia)游企業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，提(ti)(ti)升核心(xin)(xin)技(ji)術與創新(xin)能(neng)力；有(you)利于(yu)(yu)吸引更多的(de)(de)社會(hui)資本進(jin)入(ru)充(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領域，營造(zao)共建(jian)共營的(de)(de)良好(hao)(hao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)局面；有(you)利于(yu)(yu)補齊行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)短板(ban)，提(ti)(ti)振老(lao)百姓對新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)消費信心(xin)(xin)，助力行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)長遠發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)國家戰略落地。
注(zhu)意到，最終表決通過(guo)的《政府(fu)工作報告》將此前“建設充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)”的表述修改(gai)為“增加充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)、換(huan)電(dian)(dian)站等設施”。
在全生(sheng)明看來，換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)作為(wei)新基建的重要組(zu)成部分(fen)第一(yi)次被寫入《政(zheng)府工(gong)作報告》，一(yi)方面意味著國家對換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)技術(shu)創(chuang)新的認可，對車電(dian)(dian)分(fen)離(li)發展道路(lu)的肯定；另一(yi)方面,就電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車使用而言，換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)不僅(jin)是相同規格電(dian)(dian)池的快(kuai)速(su)更換(huan)(huan)，更緩解了當下(xia)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車補能速(su)度慢、續航不可升(sheng)級、二(er)手車殘值低等問題。
他認為(wei)，根據目(mu)前行業(ye)整(zheng)體發(fa)展情況及技(ji)術(shu)(shu)變革趨勢判斷，未來(lai)(lai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行業(ye)將(jiang)向(xiang)(xiang)規模化(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)、互動(dong)化(hua)、網(wang)(wang)聯化(hua)、共(gong)享(xiang)化(hua)方向(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)展。首先，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行業(ye)在一(yi)定程度上具有網(wang)(wang)絡經濟(ji)的特(te)點，平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺效應(ying)、規模效應(ying)突出，目(mu)前已經形成國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、特(te)來(lai)(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、星星充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等大型(xing)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)商(shang)為(wei)主導(dao)、中(zhong)小(xiao)微運(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)商(shang)為(wei)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的市場(chang)格局(ju)，未來(lai)(lai)有望進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)發(fa)揮(hui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺整(zheng)合(he)(he)作用，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)不同運(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)商(shang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁之間(jian)的深度互聯互通，打造“全國充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)張網(wang)(wang)”的格局(ju)；其次(ci)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)的不斷提升，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)引(yin)導(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)向(xiang)(xiang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)方向(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)展，以即插(cha)即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、大功率(lv)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、自動(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等為(wei)代表的技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新將(jiang)成為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行業(ye)發(fa)展的重要(yao)驅動(dong)力(li)。同時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)、網(wang)(wang)聯化(hua)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)提升，將(jiang)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)個人樁共(gong)享(xiang)，提高(gao)社區充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁利(li)用率(lv)、降低充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁使(shi)用成本。第三(san)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行業(ye)發(fa)展與智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的發(fa)展緊密相連(lian)，有序充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、V2G、負(fu)荷聚合(he)(he)等車(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的發(fa)展與應(ying)用，將(jiang)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)挖掘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)移動(dong)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)價值，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)與智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的深度融(rong)合(he)(he)、互動(dong)。此外，利(li)用負(fu)荷聚合(he)(he)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)開展綠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交易(yi)，聚合(he)(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷參(can)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輔(fu)助(zhu)服(fu)務，將(jiang)推動(dong)實(shi)現新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源消納，助(zhu)力(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源轉型(xing)。
加快打造“全國充電一張網”
近期以來(lai)，北(bei)京、上海、江蘇等多(duo)個地方都先后出臺(tai)了充電樁建(jian)設(she)(she)方案(an)。而國(guo)網電動汽車公司也在加碼布局(ju)這一賽道(dao)，今年將(jiang)安(an)排27億(yi)元投資充電設(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)，新增(zeng)充電樁7.8萬個。
“爭做投資建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的帶動(dong)者，主(zhu)動(dong)對(dui)接各地方新能源汽車產業發展(zhan)需求(qiu)，持續完善公共、專用充電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)布局，加(jia)快社區智能有序充電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施發展(zhan)，多措并(bing)舉引導社會資本積極參與充電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。” 全生明表示(shi)。
在加大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)建設(she)力度(du)的同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，國(guo)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)公司還致力于建設(she)服務最優、接入最多(duo)、流量(liang)最大的智慧(hui)車(che)聯網平臺(tai)，截至目前，注(zhu)冊(ce)用戶數(shu)接近300萬，接入充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)總數(shu)超(chao)過49萬根。更重要的是依托(tuo)這一平臺(tai)，廣泛聚合(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)資源，推(tui)動新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)深度(du)融(rong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)，創新(xin)服務產品與商(shang)業(ye)模式，吸引行(xing)業(ye)合(he)作伙伴共建共享，構建新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)服務生(sheng)態圈(quan)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，爭做技術創新(xin)的先(xian)行(xing)者，搭建國(guo)家級(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術創新(xin)平臺(tai)，推(tui)動充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施智能(neng)(neng)化、網聯化發(fa)展，攻堅大功率充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、V2G等關鍵技術，牽頭開展行(xing)業(ye)、國(guo)家、國(guo)際標(biao)準制修訂，實現標(biao)準引領、技術引領。
邀請符合條件的(de)合伙人一同共建共享(xiang)充電樁，向(xiang)中小充電運營(ying)商提供運營(ying)平臺(tai)，與(yu)寶馬等公(gong)司開啟戰略合作……一系列不(bu)同于以往(wang)的(de)動(dong)作背后是國(guo)網(wang)電動(dong)汽車公(gong)司全新的(de)謀劃。
“這些(xie)舉措(cuo)一是(shi)引導(dao)市(shi)場方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)，實現各企業的(de)(de)合(he)作(zuo)共贏；二是(shi)盤活市(shi)場資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，帶動(dong)(dong)電動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)行(xing)業的(de)(de)快速(su)發展；三是(shi)激勵整個(ge)產業鏈相(xiang)關行(xing)業的(de)(de)發展。”全生(sheng)明表示(shi)，合(he)作(zuo)建樁業務(wu)(wu)將帶動(dong)(dong)基(ji)建施(shi)工(gong)、生(sheng)產制造(zao)和大數據業務(wu)(wu)在橫向(xiang)(xiang)和縱向(xiang)(xiang)上的(de)(de)快速(su)發展，為培育良好(hao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)態環(huan)境奠定堅實的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)。同時(shi)，有利于(yu)全社(she)會產業鏈更好(hao)的(de)(de)分工(gong)協作(zuo)，降(jiang)低全社(she)會的(de)(de)綜(zong)合(he)建站成本，為中小(xiao)運營商進行(xing)減(jian)負。此(ci)外(wai)，以平(ping)臺作(zuo)為樞紐，整合(he)樁企、運營商及充電用(yong)戶資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，降(jiang)低整個(ge)充電樁行(xing)業的(de)(de)經營成本，達到(dao)多方(fang)面推動(dong)(dong)充電市(shi)場向(xiang)(xiang)好(hao)發展，拉動(dong)(dong)幕后(hou)產業鏈效益增長的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
【責任編輯(ji)：趙(zhao)藝涵】