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國務院國資委近日印發《中央企(qi)業工資總額管理辦法》（國資委令(ling)第39號，以下簡稱《辦法》）。

《辦(ban)法(fa)》以(yi)習近平新時代(dai)中國特色社會主義思想為指(zhi)引，以(yi)建(jian)立健全與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)力市(shi)場基(ji)本適(shi)應、與企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)和(he)(he)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)生產率掛(gua)鉤的工資決定和(he)(he)正常增長(chang)機制(zhi)，增強(qiang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)活力和(he)(he)動(dong)力，促進(jin)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)實現高質量(liang)發展，推(tui)動(dong)國有(you)資本做(zuo)強(qiang)做(zuo)優做(zuo)大為目(mu)標，以(yi)出(chu)資人管資本為主強(qiang)化激(ji)勵約束建(jian)設(she)為遵循，按照《國務院關于改革國有(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工資決定機制(zhi)的意見》（國發〔2018〕16號(hao)，以(yi)下簡稱《意見》）精(jing)神，在(zai)繼承以(yi)往有(you)效(xiao)經(jing)驗和(he)(he)做(zuo)法(fa)的基(ji)礎上，對現行中央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工資總額管理(li)相關制(zhi)度辦(ban)法(fa)進(jin)行修改和(he)(he)完善。

《辦(ban)法》明確(que)對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額實行分類(lei)管(guan)理。對(dui)(dui)主(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)處于充分競(jing)爭行業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)領域(yu)的(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額預(yu)算(suan)原則上(shang)全部實行備案制管(guan)理，由企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)董事(shi)(shi)會在依法依規的(de)前(qian)提(ti)下(xia)，自主(zhu)決定年度工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額預(yu)算(suan)，國資(zi)(zi)委由事(shi)(shi)前(qian)核(he)準(zhun)轉變為(wei)事(shi)(shi)前(qian)引導、事(shi)(shi)中(zhong)監(jian)測(ce)和(he)事(shi)(shi)后監(jian)督；對(dui)(dui)主(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)處于關系國家安全、國民經濟命脈的(de)重(zhong)要行業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)關鍵領域(yu)、主(zhu)要承擔重(zhong)大專項(xiang)任務(wu)(wu)的(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)以(yi)提(ti)供公共產品(pin)或服務(wu)(wu)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)公益(yi)類(lei)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額預(yu)算(suan)繼續實行核(he)準(zhun)制管(guan)理；對(dui)(dui)開展國有資(zi)(zi)本投資(zi)(zi)、運營公司或者混合所有制改革等試點的(de)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，提(ti)出(chu)可以(yi)探(tan)索(suo)實行更加(jia)靈(ling)活高效的(de)工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額管(guan)理方式(shi)。

《辦法》明確對中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)業(ye)工(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額(e)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行分級管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。按照《中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang) 國(guo)(guo)務院關(guan)于(yu)深化國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)改革(ge)的指導意(yi)見》（中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)〔2015〕22號(hao)，以下簡稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)22號(hao)文件）、《國(guo)(guo)務院辦公廳關(guan)于(yu)轉發(fa)國(guo)(guo)務院國(guo)(guo)資(zi)委(wei)以管(guan)(guan)(guan)資(zi)本(ben)為主(zhu)推進職(zhi)能轉變(bian)方(fang)案的通(tong)知(zhi)》（國(guo)(guo)辦發(fa)〔2017〕38號(hao)）要求，結合當(dang)前中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)業(ye)工(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額(e)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際，強調中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)業(ye)工(gong)資(zi)總(zong)額(e)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行分級管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體制，國(guo)(guo)資(zi)委(wei)與中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)業(ye)權責(ze)清晰、各司其職(zhi)，國(guo)(guo)資(zi)委(wei)負責(ze)管(guan)(guan)(guan)制度(du)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)總(zong)量、管(guan)(guan)(guan)監督，中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)企(qi)業(ye)負責(ze)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內部自主(zhu)分配、管(guan)(guan)(guan)預(yu)算分解(jie)落實(shi)(shi)(shi)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)具體操作執(zhi)行。

《辦法》緊(jin)緊(jin)圍(wei)繞中(zhong)發22號文件和(he)《意見(jian)》關(guan)于“建立健全與(yu)(yu)(yu)勞(lao)動力市場基本適應、與(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟效益和(he)勞(lao)動生(sheng)(sheng)產率(lv)掛鉤的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)和(he)正(zheng)常增長機制”的(de)(de)要(yao)求，明(ming)確(que)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額預(yu)算主要(yao)按照效益決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)、效率(lv)調(diao)整(zheng)、水(shui)平調(diao)控三個(ge)環節決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。一是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額預(yu)算與(yu)(yu)(yu)利潤(run)總(zong)(zong)額等經濟效益指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)績考(kao)核目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值掛鉤，并(bing)且(qie)根據目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值的(de)(de)先進程度(du)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)不同(tong)的(de)(de)預(yu)算水(shui)平，引導(dao)中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)通過(guo)完成(cheng)高(gao)質量發展(zhan)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)，帶動職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額合理有(you)序(xu)增長。二(er)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增長還應當通過(guo)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本投(tou)入產出效率(lv)、勞(lao)動生(sheng)(sheng)產率(lv)等指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)對標(biao)(biao)進行調(diao)整(zheng)，進一步(bu)協調(diao)不同(tong)效率(lv)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)間工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)分配關(guan)系，提高(gao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)額決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)機制的(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)性與(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)效性。三是(shi)(shi)注(zhu)重收(shou)入分配公平，國資(zi)(zi)委(wei)將按照國家有(you)關(guan)部門發布(bu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)指(zhi)導(dao)線和(he)對非競爭(zheng)類國有(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)調(diao)控要(yao)求，對部分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)水(shui)平偏高(gao)、過(guo)高(gao)的(de)(de)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)主業(ye)(ye)(ye)不屬(shu)于充分競爭(zheng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)領域的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增長過(guo)快的(de)(de)情況進行適當約束(shu)，確(que)保企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)水(shui)平與(yu)(yu)(yu)增長幅度(du)更加(jia)公平合理、規(gui)范(fan)有(you)序(xu)。同(tong)時，對中(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)承擔重大(da)專(zhuan)項任務(wu)、重大(da)科(ke)技創新項目(mu)等特殊事項的(de)(de)，《辦法》也(ye)明(ming)確(que)將予(yu)以適度(du)支持。

《辦法》在從宏(hong)觀層面完善國家、企業(ye)(ye)和職工(gong)(gong)三者工(gong)(gong)資(zi)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)關系，加(jia)大出(chu)資(zi)人向中央企業(ye)(ye)董(dong)事會(hui)授權的(de)(de)同時，也同步對責(ze)(ze)任落實和制(zhi)度配(pei)(pei)(pei)套進行(xing)了(le)規定。一是強(qiang)(qiang)調企業(ye)(ye)作為內部分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)任主體(ti)，應(ying)當持續(xu)深化內部三項制(zhi)度改(gai)革，構建企業(ye)(ye)內部管(guan)理(li)(li)人員能(neng)上(shang)能(neng)下、員工(gong)(gong)能(neng)進能(neng)出(chu)、收(shou)入能(neng)增能(neng)減的(de)(de)市(shi)場化勞動用工(gong)(gong)和收(shou)入分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)管(guan)理(li)(li)機制(zhi)，切(qie)實承(cheng)擔(dan)起搞好、搞活企業(ye)(ye)內部分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)職責(ze)(ze)。二是加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)督檢查，明確界定企業(ye)(ye)違(wei)規責(ze)(ze)任，并將企業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)總額管(guan)理(li)(li)情況納入各項監(jian)督檢查范圍，與審計、巡視等(deng)工(gong)(gong)作形(xing)成合力，確保實現權責(ze)(ze)對等(deng)，監(jian)管(guan)到位。

【責任編輯：李瑛】