文章(zhang)來源：學習時報 發布時間：2023-02-22
中(zhong)國東(dong)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區是中(zhong)國經濟最發達的(de)區域，用電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷約占全國總用量的(de)70%，而這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)卻(que)大(da)多來自(zi)遙遠的(de)西部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區。我(wo)國將西部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區就(jiu)地(di)(di)生產的(de)煤電(dian)(dian)、風(feng)電(dian)(dian)和(he)水電(dian)(dian)等，通過(guo)“西電(dian)(dian)東(dong)送(song)(song)(song)”工程，送(song)(song)(song)往幾千(qian)里之(zhi)外(wai)的(de)東(dong)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區，滿足那(nei)里旺盛的(de)用電(dian)(dian)需求。但是過(guo)去的(de)超高(gao)壓輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術，輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)距離和(he)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量都難(nan)以滿足如今越來越大(da)規模的(de)電(dian)(dian)力輸(shu)送(song)(song)(song)需求。那(nei)么(me)，用什么(me)辦法(fa)能讓這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)力安全高(gao)效地(di)(di)傳送(song)(song)(song)到千(qian)里之(zhi)外(wai)呢(ni)？那(nei)就(jiu)需要特高(gao)壓。
特高(gao)(gao)壓是(shi)(shi)目前世界上(shang)最先進的(de)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術，如果(guo)把其他輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)比(bi)喻為鄉間小路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，那么(me)特高(gao)(gao)壓輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力高(gao)(gao)速(su)公路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。特高(gao)(gao)壓輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)具(ju)有傳輸(shu)距離遠(yuan)、容量大、損耗低(di)、占(zhan)地少等優勢的(de)尖端(duan)技術。現在(zai)，中國(guo)是(shi)(shi)世界上(shang)首個，也是(shi)(shi)唯一(yi)一(yi)個成(cheng)功掌握并實際(ji)運用特高(gao)(gao)壓這項尖端(duan)技術的(de)國(guo)家。
我國為什么需要特高壓？
我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)為(wei)什么需要(yao)(yao)特高(gao)壓？我(wo)(wo)概括為(wei)8個字，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)需要(yao)(yao)、國(guo)(guo)情使然。所謂國(guo)(guo)家(jia)需要(yao)(yao)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)經濟持續增長(chang)對電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)提(ti)出了(le)(le)大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)民經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)先行官，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)要(yao)(yao)與經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)保持同步，并適(shi)度(du)超前。1978年(nian)(nian)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全國(guo)(guo)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)2500億千(qian)瓦時，到了(le)(le)2011年(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)達(da)到了(le)(le)4.7萬億千(qian)瓦時，超過了(le)(le)美國(guo)(guo)，一直(zhi)保持世界第一。到了(le)(le)2020年(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)達(da)到了(le)(le)7.5萬億千(qian)瓦時，這(zhe)40多年(nian)(nian)增長(chang)了(le)(le)30倍。但是(shi)(shi)中國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人均(jun)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)不高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，人均(jun)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)剛(gang)剛(gang)超過5000度(du)電(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)與經合組(zu)織國(guo)(guo)家(jia)相比(bi)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)只(zhi)達(da)到了(le)(le)他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)60%。隨著(zhu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和人民生活(huo)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)全社會電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化水(shui)平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)增長(chang)空(kong)間發(fa)展(zhan)潛力(li)(li)(li)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)比(bi)較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)，因此可以說我(wo)(wo)們(men)仍在半途。
所謂國情使然，進入新(xin)世紀，我(wo)國經濟(ji)對電力(li)的(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)更加旺盛，對發(fa)(fa)展特高壓提出了(le)(le)迫切的(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)。從(cong)新(xin)中(zhong)國成立以來(lai)到2000年(nian)我(wo)國的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機是(shi)3.2億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦，但到了(le)(le)2010年(nian)，就達到了(le)(le)9.7億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦。這(zhe)10年(nian)間，我(wo)國的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機新(xin)增6.5億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦。在這(zhe)個(ge)快速發(fa)(fa)展的(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，有73%的(de)新(xin)增裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容量都是(shi)燃煤電站，有70%的(de)新(xin)增煤電都布局(ju)在缺電十(shi)分嚴重的(de)東中(zhong)部地(di)區。
我(wo)國(guo)(guo)能源資(zi)源以煤(mei)(mei)炭為主，煤(mei)(mei)炭儲量居(ju)世(shi)界(jie)第三位，油氣相對貧乏。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)水能資(zi)源較為豐富，水能蘊藏量居(ju)世(shi)界(jie)第一位，它(ta)的技術可(ke)開發(fa)量達到(dao)6.6億千瓦。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)風能和太陽(yang)能十分豐富，開發(fa)潛力(li)巨(ju)大。
我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)分(fen)布(bu)不(bu)平衡，主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)能源(yuan)資源(yuan)都(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)部和西(xi)北(bei)部。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)80%以上的(de)(de)(de)煤炭(tan)分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)北(bei)、西(xi)部和北(bei)部等省區(qu)，待開(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)水能資源(yuan)80%都(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)南部。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)陸上風能資源(yuan)主(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)三北(bei)，就是東北(bei)、華北(bei)和西(xi)北(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，同時(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)伏(fu)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里(li)(li)也有很好的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發條件，日照時(shi)間在(zai)(zai)3200小時(shi)以上的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)都(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)青藏(zang)高原(yuan)、新疆(jiang)和甘(gan)肅等地(di)(di)(di)(di)。但是這(zhe)些地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)經(jing)濟(ji)總量小，用電(dian)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、用電(dian)市(shi)場不(bu)大。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)用電(dian)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)主(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)東部地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，70%的(de)(de)(de)用電(dian)負(fu)荷(he)都(dou)(dou)集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)東部地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，能源(yuan)開(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)心和用電(dian)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心兩者(zhe)之(zhi)間距離(li)1500公(gong)里(li)(li)到3000公(gong)里(li)(li)。這(zhe)種(zhong)能源(yuan)資源(yuan)與(yu)用電(dian)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)成(cheng)逆向分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)國(guo)(guo)情，決定了我(wo)國(guo)(guo)需(xu)要(yao)實施遠距離(li)、大規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)電(dian)東送。
我國電力需求(qiu)還將持續增長。從(cong)國情出發，我們在全國范圍內優化能源(yuan)資源(yuan)配置成為必然，因此就需要發展遠距(ju)離大容量、低損耗(hao)，占地省的特高壓輸電技術。
特高壓技術“特”在哪里？
為了解決中(zhong)國(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)基地與(yu)用電中(zhong)心相隔千(qian)里的(de)(de)難題(ti)，運用特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)完(wan)成遠(yuan)距離大容(rong)量輸(shu)電，是(shi)必然選擇。而(er)建設這樣先進的(de)(de)電網，實現能(neng)源(yuan)互通(tong)，不僅僅是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)需要，也是(shi)全球能(neng)源(yuan)可持(chi)續發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)共識，從上世(shi)紀(ji)60年(nian)代開始，許多(duo)傳統的(de)(de)電力強國(guo)花費(fei)巨大精(jing)力投(tou)入特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)技術研發(fa)，卻接連無功而(er)返。
而對于中(zhong)國而言，研(yan)究(jiu)特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)更是難(nan)上加難(nan)，有太多(duo)需要從(cong)零破解的難(nan)題——崇山峻嶺、沙漠(mo)狂風、電(dian)閃雷鳴，特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)輸電(dian)線路(lu)不僅(jin)要面對我(wo)國復雜(za)的地形，多(duo)變的氣候，甚至還要穿(chuan)越生命禁區，在如此復雜(za)的環(huan)境中(zhong)實現(xian)特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)的安全穩定運行，無疑是一(yi)項挑戰(zhan)極限(xian)的世界工(gong)程。從(cong)2004年(nian)至今，中(zhong)國已經(jing)建(jian)成(cheng)投運了(le)(le)(le)33項特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)工(gong)程，線路(lu)總長(chang)達到5萬(wan)公里，它們成(cheng)為中(zhong)國城(cheng)市(shi)工(gong)業發(fa)展(zhan)，居(ju)民生活用電(dian)的主(zhu)要來源，同時還帶(dai)動(dong)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)國裝備制造業的發(fa)展(zhan)，與特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)技術體(ti)系相(xiang)關的方方面面，都實現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)升(sheng)級。特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)不僅(jin)成(cheng)為中(zhong)國經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)的電(dian)力輸送(song)主(zhu)動(dong)脈，也給世界上其他國家和地區，提供了(le)(le)(le)可借(jie)鑒的電(dian)力輸送(song)解決方案。
現在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)2億(yi)千瓦(wa)，特(te)(te)(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)為我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)動(dong)脈(mo)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)西部(bu)(bu)大(da)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)重要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。特(te)(te)(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)現在我(wo)們(men)投了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)5150億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，這(zhe)(zhe)直接(jie)帶動(dong)西部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)投資(zi)1.3萬億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，每年為西部(bu)(bu)拉動(dong)GDP2600億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，提(ti)供就(jiu)業(ye)崗位65萬個，增(zeng)加稅收約500億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。二(er)是(shi)有力支撐了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)東(dong)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需求(qiu)。特(te)(te)(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量占(zhan)東(dong)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1/4，累(lei)計(ji)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)2萬億(yi)千瓦(wa)時，其中(zhong)70%都是(shi)清潔能(neng)源(yuan)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣就(jiu)相當于減(jian)少中(zhong)東(dong)部(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)煤8.3億(yi)噸，可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)少二(er)氧化碳排(pai)放17億(yi)噸，煙塵氮氧化物排(pai)放650萬噸。同時降低了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本，西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)東(dong)部(bu)(bu)，比東(dong)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價每度要便宜5分錢，這(zhe)(zhe)樣節省東(dong)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本1000億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。三是(shi)優化了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)。依靠特(te)(te)(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)遠距離大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)優勢，促進了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)西南水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)，促進了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)三北地區新能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)。這(zhe)(zhe)為我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展起(qi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)促進作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽(yang)能(neng)裝機規(gui)(gui)模(mo)穩居世(shi)界第(di)一(yi)(yi)位。可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機比重在2020年達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)43%，煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)占(zhan)比首次在歷史上(shang)(shang)降到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)50%以(yi)下，10年前煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)占(zhan)比還是(shi)73%。四是(shi)顯(xian)著提(ti)升(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)領(ling)域裝備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)造水平，提(ti)升(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)裝備(bei)(bei)、產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)競(jing)爭力。特(te)(te)(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)裝備(bei)(bei)代(dai)表了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)裝備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最高(gao)水平，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研制(zhi)，從設計(ji)、材(cai)料工(gong)藝、試驗技術(shu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)產(chan)(chan)品實(shi)現了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)自(zi)主化和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)化，實(shi)現了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)世(shi)界領(ling)先。同時進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)鞏固了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)領(ling)域產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)和(he)(he)(he)自(zi)主可(ke)控，一(yi)(yi)些材(cai)料和(he)(he)(he)關鍵部(bu)(bu)件(jian)經過多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持續努力都實(shi)現了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)替代(dai)。五(wu)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)技術(shu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)成(cheng)為了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。1906年成(cheng)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)委員(yuan)會（IEC），它是(shi)世(shi)界上(shang)(shang)成(cheng)立最早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化機構(gou)，過去我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都是(shi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)IEC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，都是(shi)其他(ta)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家制(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)能(neng)夠成(cheng)為國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，也是(shi)不容(rong)(rong)易的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)也是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個貢(gong)獻(xian)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)現在為止，我(wo)們(men)累(lei)計(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)特(te)(te)(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)和(he)(he)(he)特(te)(te)(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直流(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)18項，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1000千伏(fu)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)特(te)(te)(te)(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)為國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
特高壓的未來發展前景
在(zai)輸電(dian)環節，特(te)(te)高壓(ya)輸電(dian)還(huan)要繼續發揮它的(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)優(you)勢和網(wang)絡(luo)功能(neng)，支撐大(da)(da)規模新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)并(bing)網(wang)和消納。大(da)(da)家知道，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)有隨機(ji)性(xing)和季節性(xing)的(de)(de)特(te)(te)點，我國現在(zai)還(huan)沒(mei)有辦(ban)法控制風(feng)電(dian)和光伏。我國地域(yu)遼闊，在(zai)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)發電(dian)上(shang)存在(zai)著(zhu)區域(yu)性(xing)和季節性(xing)的(de)(de)差(cha)異。為了實現多能(neng)互補、區域(yu)互遞(di)，需要一個(ge)強(qiang)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)平(ping)臺，特(te)(te)高壓(ya)將發揮這(zhe)個(ge)作用。
在配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環(huan)節，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)要實(shi)現(xian)廣泛互(hu)聯、智能(neng)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)，將(jiang)大量接(jie)入分布式(shi)能(neng)源和微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，大量接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車等儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)設施。今(jin)后，我們的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車會發展起來，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車現(xian)在本身是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，未來會成為一(yi)個(ge)移動(dong)(dong)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。今(jin)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)可以向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，也可以反(fan)過來由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。比如說(shuo)你出國或(huo)者旅行，一(yi)段時間不在家(jia)，但是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車在家(jia)里，用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)低谷時候它充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)系統(tong)，高峰的時候，可以向(xiang)(xiang)系統(tong)賣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，能(neng)夠賺到(dao)錢。大量的儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)設施也將(jiang)出現(xian)，這樣在配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)里邊就可以實(shi)現(xian)源網(wang)荷儲(chu)(chu)的智能(neng)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)。
在(zai)(zai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)環節，用(yong)戶將(jiang)在(zai)(zai)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統當中改變過(guo)去(qu)的(de)角色(se)。新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)發展也(ye)不再僅是專業化大公司的(de)獨有優勢，我們的(de)用(yong)戶可以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)自己的(de)建筑(zhu)物上，比如農村(cun)的(de)屋頂上建設(she)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。用(yong)戶既是電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)使用(yong)者，同時也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)是電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)生(sheng)產者，人人使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，人人生(sheng)產電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，這(zhe)將(jiang)成為電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統里(li)一個新(xin)的(de)景(jing)象。
特高(gao)壓(ya)的(de)(de)創新實(shi)踐，使我(wo)(wo)國輸(shu)電(dian)技(ji)術實(shi)現了(le)從長期(qi)跟隨到領先的(de)(de)歷史(shi)性跨越，為科(ke)技(ji)自立(li)(li)自強(qiang)樹立(li)(li)了(le)信心。在構(gou)建(jian)新型電(dian)力系(xi)統的(de)(de)過程中，我(wo)(wo)國的(de)(de)電(dian)力科(ke)技(ji)將不斷取得新的(de)(de)更大突破。特高(gao)壓(ya)將為實(shi)現碳達(da)峰、碳中和(he)目標，為構(gou)建(jian)人類命運共同(tong)體發揮重(zhong)要作用。
（本(ben)文作(zuo)者(zhe)系中(zhong)國華能集(ji)團有限公(gong)司黨組書記、董(dong)事長(chang) 舒印彪(biao)）
【責任編輯：家正】