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中國東中部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)是中國經濟最發達的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷約占全國總(zong)用(yong)量的(de)70%，而這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)卻大多來自(zi)遙(yao)遠的(de)西部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。我國將西部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)就(jiu)地(di)生產的(de)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)，通過(guo)“西電(dian)(dian)(dian)東送(song)(song)”工程，送(song)(song)往幾千(qian)里(li)之外的(de)東中部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，滿(man)(man)足那(nei)(nei)里(li)旺盛的(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)需(xu)求(qiu)。但是過(guo)去的(de)超高(gao)(gao)壓輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術，輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)距離和(he)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量都難以滿(man)(man)足如今(jin)越來越大規模的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸送(song)(song)需(xu)求(qiu)。那(nei)(nei)么，用(yong)什么辦法能讓這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)安全高(gao)(gao)效地(di)傳送(song)(song)到(dao)千(qian)里(li)之外呢？那(nei)(nei)就(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)特高(gao)(gao)壓。

特高(gao)壓(ya)是(shi)(shi)目前世界上(shang)最先(xian)進的輸電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)，如果(guo)把(ba)其他輸電(dian)線路(lu)(lu)比喻為鄉間小路(lu)(lu)，那(nei)么特高(gao)壓(ya)輸電(dian)線路(lu)(lu)就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)力高(gao)速公路(lu)(lu)。特高(gao)壓(ya)輸電(dian)是(shi)(shi)具有傳輸距離遠、容(rong)量(liang)大、損耗低、占地少(shao)等優勢(shi)的尖(jian)端技(ji)術(shu)。現在，中國(guo)是(shi)(shi)世界上(shang)首個(ge)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)唯一一個(ge)成功掌(zhang)握(wo)并實際(ji)運用特高(gao)壓(ya)這項尖(jian)端技(ji)術(shu)的國(guo)家。

我國為什么需要特高壓？

我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)為(wei)(wei)什么需(xu)要特(te)高壓？我(wo)(wo)概括(kuo)為(wei)(wei)8個字，就(jiu)是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家需(xu)要、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)情使然。所(suo)謂國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家需(xu)要，就(jiu)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟(ji)持續增長(chang)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)提出了(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先行官，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)要與(yu)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)保(bao)(bao)持同步，并適度超前。1978年(nian)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是(shi)2500億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)2011年(nian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)4.7萬億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，超過了(le)(le)(le)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，一直保(bao)(bao)持世界第一。到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)2020年(nian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)7.5萬億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，這(zhe)40多年(nian)增長(chang)了(le)(le)(le)30倍。但是(shi)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人均用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)水平還(huan)是(shi)不高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，人均用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)剛(gang)剛(gang)超過5000度電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)與(yu)經合(he)組織國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家相比(bi)，平均用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)只達到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%。隨著(zhu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)人民生活水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高，特(te)別是(shi)全社會電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)增長(chang)空間發(fa)展(zhan)潛力(li)還(huan)是(shi)比(bi)較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，因此(ci)可以說我(wo)(wo)們(men)仍在半途(tu)。

所謂國情使然，進入新世紀，我國經濟對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力的(de)需求更加(jia)旺盛，對(dui)發(fa)展特高壓提(ti)出了迫切的(de)需求。從(cong)新中(zhong)國成立(li)以來到2000年(nian)我國的(de)裝機是(shi)3.2億(yi)千瓦(wa)，但到了2010年(nian)，就(jiu)達到了9.7億(yi)千瓦(wa)。這10年(nian)間(jian)，我國的(de)裝機新增6.5億(yi)千瓦(wa)。在這個快速發(fa)展的(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)，有73%的(de)新增裝機容量都是(shi)燃煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)站，有70%的(de)新增煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)都布局在缺電(dian)(dian)十分(fen)嚴重的(de)東中(zhong)部(bu)地區(qu)。

我國能(neng)源資源以煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)為主，煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)儲量居世界第三位(wei)，油氣相對貧乏。我國水能(neng)資源較為豐富，水能(neng)蘊(yun)藏量居世界第一位(wei)，它的技術可開發(fa)量達到(dao)6.6億千瓦。我國風能(neng)和(he)太陽能(neng)十分豐富，開發(fa)潛力巨大。

我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)分布(bu)(bu)不平衡，主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資源(yuan)都(dou)在(zai)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)80%以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤炭(tan)分布(bu)(bu)在(zai)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)、西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)等省區(qu)(qu)，待開(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)80%都(dou)在(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)南部(bu)(bu)(bu)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)陸上風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)主要(yao)(yao)在(zai)三北(bei)(bei)，就是東北(bei)(bei)、華北(bei)(bei)和(he)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)地(di)區(qu)(qu)，同時我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)伏在(zai)這里(li)(li)也有(you)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發條(tiao)件，日照時間(jian)在(zai)3200小(xiao)時以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域都(dou)在(zai)青藏高原、新疆和(he)甘肅等地(di)。但是這些地(di)區(qu)(qu)經濟總(zong)量小(xiao)，用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)需求(qiu)(qiu)、用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)市場不大。我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)需求(qiu)(qiu)主要(yao)(yao)在(zai)中(zhong)東部(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)，70%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷都(dou)集中(zhong)在(zai)中(zhong)東部(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重心和(he)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)需求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心兩(liang)者之間(jian)距離(li)1500公里(li)(li)到3000公里(li)(li)。這種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資源(yuan)與用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)需求(qiu)(qiu)成逆(ni)向分布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本國(guo)(guo)情，決定了我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)需要(yao)(yao)實施遠(yuan)距離(li)、大規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東送。

我國(guo)電力需(xu)求還將持(chi)續增長。從國(guo)情出發，我們在(zai)全國(guo)范圍內優化能源資源配置成(cheng)為必然(ran)，因此就需(xu)要(yao)發展遠距離(li)大(da)容量、低損耗，占地省的特高(gao)壓輸(shu)電技術(shu)。

特高壓技術“特”在哪里？

為了(le)解決(jue)中國能(neng)源基地與用(yong)電中心相(xiang)隔(ge)千里的難題，運用(yong)特高壓完成遠(yuan)距(ju)離大(da)容量輸電，是必然選(xuan)擇。而(er)建設這(zhe)樣先(xian)進(jin)的電網，實現(xian)能(neng)源互(hu)通，不僅僅是中國的發展需(xu)要，也(ye)是全球能(neng)源可持續發展的共識(shi)，從上世紀60年代開始，許多傳(chuan)統(tong)的電力強(qiang)國花費巨大(da)精(jing)力投(tou)入(ru)特高壓技術研發，卻接連無功而(er)返(fan)。

而對于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)而言，研究(jiu)特(te)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)更(geng)是難(nan)上(shang)加難(nan)，有太(tai)多需要(yao)從零破(po)解的(de)(de)(de)難(nan)題——崇山峻嶺、沙漠狂風、電(dian)(dian)閃雷鳴(ming)，特(te)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)輸電(dian)(dian)線路(lu)不(bu)僅要(yao)面(mian)(mian)對我國(guo)復雜的(de)(de)(de)地形，多變的(de)(de)(de)氣候，甚至(zhi)還(huan)要(yao)穿越生命禁區，在如(ru)此復雜的(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)實現(xian)特(te)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)穩定運行，無疑是一(yi)項挑戰(zhan)極限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)世(shi)界工(gong)程。從2004年(nian)至(zhi)今(jin)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)已經(jing)建成投運了33項特(te)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)程，線路(lu)總(zong)長達到5萬公里，它們(men)成為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)城(cheng)市工(gong)業發展，居民生活用電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)來源，同時還(huan)帶動了中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)裝備制造業的(de)(de)(de)發展，與特(te)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)技術(shu)體(ti)系相關的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)，都實現(xian)了升級。特(te)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)僅成為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟發展的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力輸送(song)主(zhu)動脈，也給世(shi)界上(shang)其他(ta)國(guo)家和地區，提(ti)供了可借鑒的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力輸送(song)解決方(fang)(fang)案。

現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量達(da)到(dao)了(le)(le)2億(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)，特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源輸(shu)(shu)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)動脈。一是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)西(xi)部(bu)(bu)大(da)開發(fa)(fa)中發(fa)(fa)揮了(le)(le)重要作用(yong)。特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)資到(dao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們投(tou)了(le)(le)5150億(yi)(yi)元，這(zhe)直(zhi)接(jie)帶動西(xi)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源投(tou)資1.3萬億(yi)(yi)元，每年(nian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi)部(bu)(bu)拉動GDP2600億(yi)(yi)元，提供就(jiu)業崗位(wei)65萬個，增(zeng)加稅(shui)收約500億(yi)(yi)元。二是(shi)(shi)有力(li)支撐了(le)(le)東(dong)(dong)(dong)中部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需求。特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量占(zhan)(zhan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)中部(bu)(bu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1/4，累計(ji)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量達(da)到(dao)了(le)(le)2萬億(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)時，其中70%都是(shi)(shi)清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，這(zhe)樣就(jiu)相當于減少(shao)(shao)中東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)煤8.3億(yi)(yi)噸(dun)，可以(yi)減少(shao)(shao)二氧化碳(tan)排放17億(yi)(yi)噸(dun)，煙(yan)塵氮氧化物排放650萬噸(dun)。同時降低了(le)(le)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本，西(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)到(dao)了(le)(le)東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)，比(bi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)每度要便(bian)宜5分錢(qian)，這(zhe)樣節(jie)省東(dong)(dong)(dong)中部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本1000億(yi)(yi)元。三是(shi)(shi)優化了(le)(le)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源結(jie)構。依靠特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)遠距(ju)離大(da)規(gui)模輸(shu)(shu)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)優勢(shi)，促進了(le)(le)西(xi)南水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)，促進了(le)(le)三北(bei)地區新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)。這(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展起到(dao)了(le)(le)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)促進作用(yong)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)規(gui)模穩居世界(jie)第一位(wei)。可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)比(bi)重在(zai)(zai)2020年(nian)達(da)到(dao)了(le)(le)43%，煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)首次在(zai)(zai)歷史上(shang)(shang)降到(dao)了(le)(le)50%以(yi)下，10年(nian)前(qian)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)還是(shi)(shi)73%。四是(shi)(shi)顯(xian)著提升了(le)(le)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)領(ling)域裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)造水(shui)(shui)平，提升了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備、產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際競爭力(li)。特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備代(dai)表(biao)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高水(shui)(shui)平，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研制(zhi)，從設計(ji)、材(cai)料工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、試驗技術(shu)到(dao)產品實現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)自主化和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產化，實現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)世界(jie)領(ling)先。同時進一步鞏固了(le)(le)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)領(ling)域產業鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)和(he)自主可控，一些材(cai)料和(he)關鍵部(bu)(bu)件經過多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持(chi)續努(nu)力(li)都實現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)替代(dai)。五是(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)技術(shu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。1906年(nian)成(cheng)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)委員會（IEC），它是(shi)(shi)世界(jie)上(shang)(shang)成(cheng)立最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化機(ji)構，過去我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)IEC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，都是(shi)(shi)其他(ta)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)制(zhi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)容易(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個貢獻。到(dao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)止，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們累計(ji)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)交流(liu)和(he)特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)直(zhi)流(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)18項，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1000千伏交流(liu)特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。

特高壓的未來發展前景

在輸電環節，特高壓輸電還要繼續發揮(hui)它的(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)優勢和(he)網(wang)絡(luo)功能，支撐大規模新能源(yuan)的(de)(de)并網(wang)和(he)消納。大家(jia)知道，新能源(yuan)有隨機(ji)性(xing)和(he)季節性(xing)的(de)(de)特點(dian)，我(wo)國現在還沒有辦(ban)法控制風電和(he)光伏(fu)。我(wo)國地域遼闊，在新能源(yuan)的(de)(de)發電上存在著區域性(xing)和(he)季節性(xing)的(de)(de)差異(yi)。為了(le)實現多(duo)能互(hu)補、區域互(hu)遞(di)，需要一(yi)個強大的(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)平(ping)臺，特高壓將發揮(hui)這(zhe)個作(zuo)用(yong)。

在(zai)配(pei)電(dian)環節，配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)要實現(xian)廣泛互(hu)聯、智能(neng)(neng)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，將(jiang)(jiang)大量(liang)接(jie)入(ru)分(fen)布式能(neng)(neng)源和微電(dian)網(wang)(wang)，大量(liang)接(jie)入(ru)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)等(deng)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)設施。今(jin)后(hou)，我們的電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)會發展起來(lai)，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)現(xian)在(zai)本身是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，未(wei)來(lai)會成為一(yi)(yi)個移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。今(jin)后(hou)，電(dian)網(wang)(wang)可以(yi)(yi)向電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)，也可以(yi)(yi)反過來(lai)由電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)向電(dian)網(wang)(wang)送(song)電(dian)。比(bi)如說你出國或者旅行，一(yi)(yi)段時間(jian)不(bu)在(zai)家，但是(shi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)在(zai)家里(li)，用電(dian)低谷時候它充(chong)電(dian)到(dao)系統，高峰的時候，可以(yi)(yi)向系統賣電(dian)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)賺到(dao)錢。大量(liang)的儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)設施也將(jiang)(jiang)出現(xian)，這樣在(zai)配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)里(li)邊(bian)就可以(yi)(yi)實現(xian)源網(wang)(wang)荷儲(chu)(chu)的智能(neng)(neng)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。

在用電(dian)(dian)環(huan)節，用戶將(jiang)在新型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力系統當中改(gai)變過去的(de)(de)(de)角色。新能(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)也(ye)不再僅(jin)是(shi)專業(ye)化大公司的(de)(de)(de)獨有(you)優(you)勢，我們的(de)(de)(de)用戶可以在自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)建筑物(wu)上(shang)，比如農村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)頂上(shang)建設太陽能(neng)發電(dian)(dian)站。用戶既是(shi)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用者(zhe)，同時也(ye)可以是(shi)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)生產者(zhe)，人人使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，人人生產電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，這將(jiang)成為電(dian)(dian)力系統里一個新的(de)(de)(de)景象。

特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)的(de)創新實踐，使我國輸電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)實現了從長期跟隨到領先的(de)歷史性跨越(yue)，為(wei)(wei)科(ke)技(ji)自(zi)立(li)自(zi)強樹立(li)了信心(xin)。在構建(jian)(jian)新型電(dian)力(li)系統的(de)過程中(zhong)，我國的(de)電(dian)力(li)科(ke)技(ji)將(jiang)不斷取得新的(de)更大突破。特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)將(jiang)為(wei)(wei)實現碳達峰、碳中(zhong)和(he)目標，為(wei)(wei)構建(jian)(jian)人類命運共(gong)同體發揮重(zhong)要作用(yong)。

（本文作者系中國(guo)華能集團有限公司黨組(zu)書記、董事長 舒印彪(biao)）

【責任編輯：家正】