文章來源(yuan)：考核(he)分配局 發布時間：2020-01-16
近日，國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)國(guo)(guo)資委(wei)發布了《中央企業工資總額(e)管理辦(ban)法》（國(guo)(guo)資委(wei)令第39號，以下簡稱《辦(ban)法》）。《辦(ban)法》出臺后，國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)國(guo)(guo)資委(wei)有關負責同志接受了記者采訪。
問：請介紹(shao)《辦法(fa)》的起草背景(jing)。
答：中央企業(ye)工資總額管(guan)理是調節國家(jia)、企業(ye)、職工三者利益(yi)關(guan)系的(de)重要(yao)方式，也是國資委依法(fa)履行(xing)出資人職責的(de)重要(yao)手段(duan)，一直以來(lai)(lai)，在推動中央企業(ye)改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)展(zhan)、確(que)保國有資產保值(zhi)增值(zhi)方面(mian)發(fa)揮了重要(yao)作用，同時，工資總額管(guan)理又是關(guan)乎(hu)民生福祉的(de)重要(yao)內容，涉(she)及中央企業(ye)廣大干(gan)部職工的(de)切身利益(yi)，歷來(lai)(lai)受到各方面(mian)的(de)高(gao)度關(guan)注(zhu)。
國(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)委成立(li)以來，對(dui)完(wan)善工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度做(zuo)了(le)大量積極有(you)效(xiao)探索(suo)，總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)分為(wei)(wei)三個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段。第一階(jie)(jie)(jie)段為(wei)(wei)承(cheng)接起步(bu)期(qi)，從2003年(nian)(nian)至2007年(nian)(nian)，國(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)委在(zai)(zai)依法(fa)(fa)承(cheng)接原勞動(dong)(dong)保(bao)障(zhang)部(bu)門對(dui)中央企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)職(zhi)(zhi)能的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，從出(chu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)的(de)(de)角度，持續對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)掛(gua)鉤(gou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)辦法(fa)(fa)進行改革(ge)和完(wan)善，初步(bu)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)了(le)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)對(dui)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)調控體(ti)(ti)系，在(zai)(zai)促進企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益高(gao)速增長的(de)(de)同(tong)時，保(bao)障(zhang)了(le)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)較快(kuai)提高(gao)。第二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段是(shi)改革(ge)突破期(qi)，重(zhong)點(dian)是(shi)探索(suo)和建(jian)(jian)立(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)。2008年(nian)(nian)國(guo)資(zi)(zi)(zi)委在(zai)(zai)部(bu)分重(zhong)點(dian)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)試點(dian)，著手(shou)建(jian)(jian)立(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度體(ti)(ti)系，2010年(nian)(nian)、2012年(nian)(nian)先后印發了(le)《中央企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)暫行辦法(fa)(fa)》和《中央企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)暫行辦法(fa)(fa)實(shi)(shi)施細則》，2014年(nian)(nian)實(shi)(shi)現了(le)中央企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)全覆蓋。這個時期(qi)的(de)(de)改革(ge)突破，在(zai)(zai)中央企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)起了(le)既符(fu)合現代企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)制(zhi)(zhi)度，又與中央企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)際相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度體(ti)(ti)系，也為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)全面實(shi)(shi)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)提供了(le)可(ke)復制(zhi)(zhi)、可(ke)推廣的(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)和改革(ge)藍本。2014年(nian)(nian)以后，在(zai)(zai)深化國(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)改革(ge)的(de)(de)大背景下，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)進入(ru)第三階(jie)(jie)(jie)段，即持續深化期(qi)，重(zhong)點(dian)以分類管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)手(shou)段，制(zhi)(zhi)定了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)算(suan)(suan)備(bei)案制(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)期(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)(e)特別(bie)獎勵等一系列政策措施，進一步(bu)增強(qiang)了(le)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)收入(ru)分配調控的(de)(de)針對(dui)性和有(you)效(xiao)性，在(zai)(zai)經(jing)濟發展新常態下，發揮了(le)助力中央企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)穩增長、激發和調動(dong)(dong)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)干部(bu)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)積極性的(de)(de)重(zhong)要作用。
黨的十九大站在新的歷史起點上，明確我國(guo)經濟已經由(you)(you)高速增(zeng)長(chang)階段轉向高質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展階段，作(zuo)出(chu)了貫徹(che)新發(fa)展理念、實現高質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展的部署，提出(chu)了培(pei)育具(ju)有全球競爭力(li)(li)的世界一(yi)流企業(ye)(ye)目標。按照(zhao)黨中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、國(guo)務院(yuan)的決策部署，以及《中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang) 國(guo)務院(yuan)關于深(shen)(shen)化國(guo)有企業(ye)(ye)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的指(zhi)導意見(jian)(jian)》（中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)〔2015〕22號(hao)，以下(xia)簡(jian)稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)22號(hao)文件(jian)）提出(chu)的“建(jian)立健全與(yu)勞(lao)動力(li)(li)市場基本適應(ying)、與(yu)企業(ye)(ye)經濟效(xiao)益和(he)勞(lao)動生產率(lv)掛鉤(gou)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)決定和(he)正(zheng)(zheng)常增(zeng)長(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，即(ji)“一(yi)適應(ying)、兩掛鉤(gou)”的總要求，人力(li)(li)資(zi)源(yuan)社會(hui)(hui)保障部、財政部、國(guo)資(zi)委共同(tong)研究(jiu)起草《關于改(gai)(gai)革(ge)國(guo)有企業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)決定機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的意見(jian)(jian)》（以下(xia)簡(jian)稱(cheng)《意見(jian)(jian)》），2018年5月，《意見(jian)(jian)》經由(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)全面(mian)深(shen)(shen)化改(gai)(gai)革(ge)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)第(di)一(yi)次會(hui)(hui)議(yi)審議(yi)通過，國(guo)務院(yuan)正(zheng)(zheng)式印發(fa)。國(guo)資(zi)委作(zuo)為共同(tong)牽頭單(dan)位，在積極參與(yu)《意見(jian)(jian)》制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的同(tong)時(shi)，根據《意見(jian)(jian)》精(jing)神，結合中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企業(ye)(ye)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)發(fa)展的實際情況，對中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)企業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總額管理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度體系進行全面(mian)修訂完善，同(tong)步制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定了《辦法》。
作為《意(yi)(yi)見》在中央(yang)企(qi)業落地(di)落實(shi)的配套(tao)文件制(zhi)度，在近兩(liang)年的起草制(zhi)定過程中，國資委(wei)廣泛征求了各(ge)有關部門、地(di)方國資委(wei)以(yi)及全部中央(yang)企(qi)業意(yi)(yi)見，期(qi)間數易其稿，最終(zhong)由國務(wu)院國資委(wei)黨(dang)委(wei)會和主任辦(ban)公(gong)會審(shen)議通過，以(yi)國務(wu)院國資委(wei)令的形式正式公(gong)布(bu)。
問(wen)：制定《辦法》的(de)主(zhu)要目的(de)和意義是什么(me)。
答：《辦(ban)法》是(shi)國資(zi)委(wei)首次(ci)以(yi)委(wei)令(ling)形式公開發(fa)布(bu)的(de)中央(yang)企業(ye)工(gong)資(zi)總額管理制度文件，充(chong)分(fen)體現(xian)了國資(zi)委(wei)對(dui)這項工(gong)作的(de)高度重視。制定(ding)《辦(ban)法》的(de)根本(ben)目的(de)，是(shi)貫徹(che)落實(shi)習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想，增強中央(yang)企業(ye)活力和競爭力，促(cu)進中央(yang)企業(ye)實(shi)現(xian)高質量發(fa)展(zhan)。
中央企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工資(zi)總額管理，既要(yao)與國(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工資(zi)決定機(ji)制改(gai)革的(de)總體(ti)方向保持(chi)一(yi)致，又要(yao)充分(fen)體(ti)現中央企(qi)業(ye)(ye)自身(shen)的(de)經營發(fa)展特點。此次出(chu)臺的(de)《辦法》，緊扣(kou)《意見(jian)》的(de)精神實質，切實做到了將出(chu)資(zi)人依法調控(kong)和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)自主分(fen)配有機(ji)結(jie)合(he)。
一是明(ming)確提(ti)出按中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)功能定位對工資總(zong)額(e)實行(xing)分(fen)(fen)類管理(li)。此次改(gai)革的(de)重要(yao)創新點(dian)之一就是分(fen)(fen)類管理(li)，將(jiang)工資總(zong)額(e)預(yu)算備(bei)案(an)制(zhi)管理(li)的(de)實施范(fan)圍，擴大到全部主業(ye)處(chu)于充分(fen)(fen)競爭行(xing)業(ye)和領域的(de)商業(ye)類中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)，由企(qi)(qi)業(ye)董事會依(yi)法(fa)依(yi)規自主決定年度(du)工資總(zong)額(e)預(yu)算，國資委由事前核準轉變為事前引(yin)導(dao)、事中(zhong)(zhong)監測和事后監督。
二是明確提出了對中央(yang)企業(ye)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額實(shi)(shi)行分級管(guan)理。國資(zi)(zi)委負責管(guan)制度、管(guan)總(zong)量、管(guan)監督，中央(yang)企業(ye)負責管(guan)內部自主分配、管(guan)預算(suan)分解落實(shi)(shi)、管(guan)具體操作執行，國資(zi)(zi)委與中央(yang)企業(ye)權責清晰、各司其職。
三是(shi)進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)完善中央企業工(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額與經濟效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)掛(gua)鉤決(jue)定(ding)(ding)機制。《辦法》圍繞建立健全“一適應、兩掛(gua)鉤”工(gong)資(zi)(zi)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)機制的目標要求(qiu)，進(jin)行了(le)(le)一系列重大創新。如明確了(le)(le)中央企業工(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額根(gen)據效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)，并按照效(xiao)率調整，進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)豐(feng)富了(le)(le)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)與效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)掛(gua)鉤的內涵，全面樹立“工(gong)資(zi)(zi)是(shi)掙出來”的核心理念。再(zai)比如《辦法》進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)簡(jian)化了(le)(le)出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)根(gen)據國家要求(qiu)調控企業工(gong)資(zi)(zi)水平的規定(ding)(ding)，突出了(le)(le)出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)以(yi)管(guan)資(zi)(zi)本為主加(jia)強監管(guan)、簡(jian)政(zheng)放權的管(guan)理導向，釋放了(le)(le)積極(ji)的改革信(xin)號。同(tong)時(shi)，《辦法》還明確了(le)(le)企業同(tong)口徑增(zeng)人(ren)不(bu)增(zeng)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額、減人(ren)不(bu)減工(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額的有關規定(ding)(ding)，鼓勵(li)中央企業提高用人(ren)效(xiao)率。
四是進(jin)一步強(qiang)調深化企業內(nei)部分配(pei)制(zhi)度(du)(du)改革。《辦法》在宏(hong)觀層面(mian)完善(shan)國家、企業和職工三者工資分配(pei)關系的(de)同(tong)時，強(qiang)調企業作為內(nei)部分配(pei)的(de)責任主(zhu)體，應當持(chi)續(xu)深化內(nei)部三項(xiang)制(zhi)度(du)(du)改革，構(gou)建(jian)形成企業內(nei)部管(guan)理人(ren)員能(neng)上能(neng)下(xia)、員工能(neng)進(jin)能(neng)出、收入(ru)能(neng)增能(neng)減(jian)的(de)市場化勞(lao)動用工和收入(ru)分配(pei)管(guan)理機制(zhi)，切實承擔起搞好、搞活企業內(nei)部分配(pei)的(de)職責。
五是進一(yi)步強調工資(zi)總(zong)額管(guan)(guan)理(li)的監督檢(jian)查，明確(que)界定企業的違規(gui)責(ze)任。如明確(que)對于實施備案(an)制管(guan)(guan)理(li)的企業，出現嚴重違反(fan)國(guo)家和(he)國(guo)資(zi)委關(guan)于收入分配有關(guan)規(gui)定的，將(jiang)其工資(zi)總(zong)額預算(suan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)方(fang)式由備案(an)制調整(zheng)為核準制，確(que)保(bao)做(zuo)到權責(ze)對等。同時，《辦(ban)法》明確(que)將(jiang)企業工資(zi)總(zong)額管(guan)(guan)理(li)情況納入各項監督檢(jian)查范圍(wei)，與審計、巡視等工作形成合力，切實保(bao)證監管(guan)(guan)到位。
總的(de)(de)來說(shuo)，《辦法》較好(hao)地體現(xian)了中發22號文件的(de)(de)改革(ge)(ge)要(yao)求，體現(xian)了黨的(de)(de)十九(jiu)大提出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)堅持質(zhi)量第一、效(xiao)益優先的(de)(de)發展(zhan)理念，符合此前國有企(qi)業改革(ge)(ge)座談會(hui)提出(chu)(chu)強(qiang)化正(zheng)向激勵(li)的(de)(de)有關精神，符合中央關于簡政放權、“放管服”的(de)(de)改革(ge)(ge)要(yao)求，對促進中央企(qi)業實現(xian)高質(zhi)量發展(zhan)、推(tui)動國有資(zi)本做(zuo)強(qiang)做(zuo)優做(zuo)大，加快培育具(ju)(ju)有全球(qiu)競爭力的(de)(de)世界一流(liu)企(qi)業具(ju)(ju)有重要(yao)意義。
問：根據(ju)新的《辦法》，中央企(qi)業(ye)職工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)總額具體如(ru)何決定？
答：《辦法》緊緊圍繞建立健(jian)全(quan)“一(yi)(yi)適(shi)應、兩掛鉤”工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)決(jue)定機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)要求(qiu)，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額預(yu)算主要按照(zhao)效(xiao)(xiao)益決(jue)定、效(xiao)(xiao)率調(diao)(diao)(diao)整、水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)調(diao)(diao)(diao)控三個環節決(jue)定。一(yi)(yi)是工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額增(zeng)長(chang)主要與(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益增(zeng)幅(fu)掛鉤聯動。《辦法》明確中(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額預(yu)算與(yu)利潤總(zong)額等經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益指標的(de)業(ye)(ye)績考核目(mu)標值(zhi)掛鉤，并且根據(ju)目(mu)標值(zhi)的(de)先進(jin)程(cheng)度(du)確定不(bu)同的(de)預(yu)算水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)，引導(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)通(tong)過(guo)完成高(gao)質量發展(zhan)目(mu)標帶(dai)動職工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額合理(li)有(you)序(xu)(xu)增(zeng)長(chang)。二是工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額增(zeng)幅(fu)應當(dang)根據(ju)效(xiao)(xiao)率水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)適(shi)度(du)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整。《辦法》提(ti)出(chu)(chu)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)還應當(dang)通(tong)過(guo)人工(gong)成本投(tou)入產出(chu)(chu)效(xiao)(xiao)率、勞動生產率等指標對標進(jin)行(xing)(xing)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整，突出(chu)(chu)引導(dao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)提(ti)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)率的(de)管理(li)導(dao)向，進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)協調(diao)(diao)(diao)不(bu)同效(xiao)(xiao)率企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)之間的(de)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分配(pei)關(guan)系(xi)，提(ti)高(gao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總(zong)額決(jue)定機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)科學(xue)性與(yu)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)性。三是注重(zhong)收入分配(pei)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)，國資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)委按照(zhao)國家有(you)關(guan)部門(men)發布(bu)的(de)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)指導(dao)線和(he)對非競爭類國有(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)控要求(qiu)，對部分工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)偏高(gao)、過(guo)高(gao)的(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)與(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，尤(you)其是主業(ye)(ye)不(bu)屬于(yu)充(chong)分競爭行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)和(he)領域的(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)過(guo)快的(de)情(qing)況進(jin)行(xing)(xing)適(shi)當(dang)約束，確保企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)職工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)與(yu)增(zeng)長(chang)幅(fu)度(du)更加公(gong)平(ping)(ping)合理(li)、規(gui)范(fan)有(you)序(xu)(xu)。同時，對中(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)承擔(dan)重(zhong)大專項任務、重(zhong)大科技創(chuang)新項目(mu)等特(te)殊事項的(de)，也明確要予以適(shi)度(du)支(zhi)持。
問：分類管理是(shi)當前深化(hua)國有企業改(gai)革的重要手段，《辦法(fa)》針對不同(tong)功能定位的中央企業采取了(le)哪些差異(yi)化(hua)的工資(zi)總額監(jian)管措施。
答：《辦法(fa)》提(ti)出(chu)按照功(gong)能(neng)定(ding)位(wei)對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)實行分(fen)類(lei)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。一是對(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)同功(gong)能(neng)定(ding)位(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)采取差異(yi)化的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方式(shi)(shi)。對(dui)(dui)主(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處于(yu)充(chong)分(fen)競爭行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和領域的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)預(yu)算(suan)原則上(shang)全(quan)(quan)部實行備案制管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，由企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)董事(shi)會(hui)在依法(fa)依規的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)下(xia)，自主(zhu)決定(ding)年(nian)度(du)工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)預(yu)算(suan)，國資(zi)(zi)委由事(shi)前(qian)核(he)準轉變為(wei)(wei)事(shi)前(qian)引(yin)導、事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)監測(ce)和事(shi)后監督(du)；對(dui)(dui)主(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處于(yu)關(guan)系國家安全(quan)(quan)、國民(min)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)命脈(mo)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和關(guan)鍵領域、主(zhu)要(yao)承(cheng)擔(dan)重(zhong)大(da)(da)專項任務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和以提(ti)供公(gong)(gong)共產品和服務(wu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)預(yu)算(suan)繼續實行核(he)準制管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。二是與(yu)(yu)國企(qi)(qi)(qi)國資(zi)(zi)改(gai)革試點(dian)工作全(quan)(quan)面對(dui)(dui)接。對(dui)(dui)開展(zhan)國有(you)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)、運營公(gong)(gong)司或者混合所有(you)制改(gai)革等試點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，提(ti)出(chu)可(ke)(ke)以探(tan)索實行更加靈活高效的(de)(de)(de)工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方式(shi)(shi)。三是對(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)同功(gong)能(neng)定(ding)位(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實行差異(yi)化的(de)(de)(de)決定(ding)機制。《辦法(fa)》規定(ding)，中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)以根據功(gong)能(neng)定(ding)位(wei)，在工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)與(yu)(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)效益(yi)匹配的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)原則下(xia)，選取差異(yi)化的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)效益(yi)指標與(yu)(yu)工資(zi)(zi)增長掛鉤，尤其是對(dui)(dui)于(yu)主(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處于(yu)關(guan)系國家安全(quan)(quan)、國民(min)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)命脈(mo)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和關(guan)鍵領域、主(zhu)要(yao)承(cheng)擔(dan)重(zhong)大(da)(da)專項任務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和公(gong)(gong)益(yi)類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，可(ke)(ke)以探(tan)索結構化管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方式(shi)(shi)，允許(xu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)中(zhong)(zhong)自主(zhu)確(que)定(ding)一定(ding)比例的(de)(de)(de)保障性(xing)工資(zi)(zi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)額(e)(e)，與(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所承(cheng)擔(dan)特殊任務(wu)和公(gong)(gong)益(yi)性(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)完成(cheng)情況(kuang)掛鉤，促進(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實現社會(hui)效益(yi)和經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)效益(yi)有(you)機統一，更好(hao)發(fa)(fa)揮各類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)作用，更好(hao)地契合了當前(qian)分(fen)類(lei)推進(jin)國有(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)革發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)體方向(xiang)。
問：請介紹國資委下一步的工作安(an)排。
答(da)：《辦法》于2019年在中央企業全(quan)面施行(xing)，此次(ci)對中央企業工(gong)資總額決定機制和(he)管(guan)理制度體系進行(xing)全(quan)面改(gai)革(ge)，事關(guan)(guan)中央企業改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)展，事關(guan)(guan)廣大(da)企業職工(gong)切(qie)身利益，事關(guan)(guan)收入分(fen)配和(he)諧有序(xu)，涉及面廣、政(zheng)策性強、影響力大(da)。國(guo)資委將在今后(hou)一個時期，采取積極措施，統籌(chou)推進工(gong)作(zuo)，確保《辦法》全(quan)面貫徹落實。
一是國資委將(jiang)按照《辦法》，全面部(bu)署2019年(nian)中央企業工資總額預算管(guan)理相(xiang)關工作。
二是(shi)加快相關配(pei)套(tao)文件的(de)(de)正式出臺。包括《辦法》中工(gong)資(zi)決(jue)定機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)(de)具體實施規程、備案制(zhi)管理(li)(li)實施方案、周期(qi)制(zhi)管理(li)(li)實施方案以(yi)及工(gong)資(zi)管理(li)(li)特殊事(shi)項(xiang)清單等(deng)，將(jiang)盡快研究(jiu)出臺完整的(de)(de)工(gong)資(zi)管理(li)(li)政策體系，以(yi)利(li)企業執(zhi)行。
三是加大政策宣(xuan)貫和培(pei)訓力度。國資委將組(zu)織(zhi)系列面向中央企業的政策培(pei)訓，通過政策宣(xuan)講、專家解讀(du)、專題(ti)培(pei)訓等多種形(xing)式，確保各中央企業準(zhun)確把握(wo)《辦法》精神實質，并(bing)推動中央企業制定和完善本企業的工(gong)資總(zong)額管(guan)理制度體(ti)系。
四(si)是協同推(tui)進工(gong)(gong)資(zi)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)相關配(pei)(pei)套改革(ge)(ge)。2019年，國資(zi)委(wei)將進一(yi)步深入推(tui)進中央(yang)企(qi)業內部三項制(zhi)度(du)改革(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)作，加(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)進企(qi)業建立健全市場(chang)化勞動用工(gong)(gong)和(he)收入分(fen)配(pei)(pei)管理機制(zhi)，持續增強(qiang)企(qi)業活力(li)與競爭力(li)。同時，在加(jia)大出資(zi)人授權(quan)改革(ge)(ge)的(de)同時，加(jia)強(qiang)對中央(yang)企(qi)業工(gong)(gong)資(zi)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)合規性的(de)監(jian)(jian)督(du)檢查，強(qiang)化事中監(jian)(jian)測和(he)事后監(jian)(jian)督(du)，確保權(quan)力(li)放得(de)下(xia)、接得(de)住。
【責任編輯：李瑛】