文章來源:財管(guan)運行(xing)局(ju) 發布(bu)時間:2021-10-30
近(jin)日(ri),財政部(bu)、國務院國資委、銀保監會(hui)落(luo)實國務院金(jin)融穩定發(fa)展(zhan)委員會(hui)工作(zuo)任(ren)務要求,共同印發(fa)《關(guan)(guan)于加強會(hui)計師事務所執(zhi)業管(guan)理(li) 切實提高審計質(zhi)量(liang)的實施(shi)意見(jian)》(以(yi)下(xia)簡稱《實施(shi)意見(jian)》)。三部(bu)門有(you)關(guan)(guan)負責人就《實施(shi)意見(jian)》回(hui)答了記(ji)者提問。
一、近年注冊會計師行業在提升審計質量方面取得哪些進展?
答:注冊(ce)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)審計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是提高經(jing)(jing)濟信息(xi)質(zhi)量(liang)、執行(xing)(xing)財(cai)經(jing)(jing)法規、維(wei)護市(shi)場經(jing)(jing)濟秩(zhi)序、保護投(tou)資(zi)(zi)者利(li)(li)益的(de)重要制度安(an)排(pai)。近年來,財(cai)政(zheng)部在國(guo)務(wu)院國(guo)資(zi)(zi)委、銀保監(jian)會(hui)等部門的(de)大力(li)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)下,開展提升(sheng)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)務(wu)所(suo)審計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)專項(xiang)整治,嚴厲打擊注冊(ce)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)違法違規行(xing)(xing)為,加強行(xing)(xing)業(ye)管理制度和審計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準則(ze)建設(she)(she),持(chi)續推(tui)動會(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)務(wu)所(suo)加強一體(ti)化管理,加快推(tui)進函證(zheng)集中化、數(shu)字化處(chu)理,引導(dao)注冊(ce)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)在提升(sheng)審計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)方(fang)面取得積(ji)極成效。注冊(ce)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)效履行(xing)(xing)職(zhi)責,開展對國(guo)有(you)企業(ye)、金(jin)融機構、上市(shi)公司等主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)財(cai)務(wu)報表審計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),出具審計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)意見(jian),提示企業(ye)經(jing)(jing)營風險(xian)和財(cai)務(wu)風險(xian),保護了投(tou)資(zi)(zi)者和社會(hui)公眾利(li)(li)益。行(xing)(xing)業(ye)實力(li)不斷(duan)發展壯大,一批實力(li)較強的(de)會(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)務(wu)所(suo)脫穎而出。積(ji)極服務(wu)國(guo)家建設(she)(she),為相關領域風險(xian)防(fang)范提供專業(ye)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)。
但同時,注冊會計(ji)師行業發展還存(cun)在一些(xie)問題,部(bu)(bu)分會計(ji)師事務所審計(ji)質量不(bu)高、風(feng)險意識不(bu)足、內部(bu)(bu)治理結果(guo)不(bu)完善,執業環(huan)境不(bu)容(rong)樂觀,需要加(jia)強和改進執業管理,進一步提升審計(ji)質量。
二、印發《實施意見》的主要考慮是什么?
答(da):適應我國會計(ji)師(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)所發展狀況,為保證會計(ji)師(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)所審計(ji)質量,此(ci)前,財政部會同(tong)有關部門對會計(ji)師(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)所從事(shi)(shi)(shi)有關業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)實行了(le)資(zi)(zi)格(ge)管(guan)理。如(ru),對從事(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)本市(shi)場業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、國有企業(ye)、金融機構(gou)審計(ji)的會計(ji)師(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)所做出了(le)一些規定與要求(qiu)。
為深化“放(fang)管(guan)(guan)服”改革,財政(zheng)部(bu)會(hui)同有關(guan)部(bu)門研究調整(zheng)(zheng)會(hui)計師(shi)事(shi)務所(suo)執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理政(zheng)策,簡政(zheng)放(fang)權、放(fang)管(guan)(guan)結合、優化服務,增(zeng)強注(zhu)冊(ce)會(hui)計師(shi)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)發展活力,維(wei)護行(xing)業(ye)(ye)發展秩序,優化行(xing)業(ye)(ye)發展環境,營(ying)造更加公平(ping)、有序、高(gao)效的(de)市場(chang)環境。調整(zheng)(zheng)會(hui)計師(shi)事(shi)務所(suo)執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理政(zheng)策的(de)同時,必須積極采取措施(shi),既(ji)要推動審計領域有序競爭;又要促進市場(chang)規范運行(xing),推動注(zhu)冊(ce)會(hui)計師(shi)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)高(gao)質(zhi)量發展,切實提高(gao)審計質(zhi)量。
財政(zheng)部會(hui)(hui)同國務(wu)院國資委、銀(yin)保(bao)監會(hui)(hui)印發(fa)《實(shi)(shi)施(shi)意見》,堅持有(you)序推動,平(ping)穩實(shi)(shi)施(shi),在調整(zheng)會(hui)(hui)計(ji)師(shi)(shi)事(shi)務(wu)所(suo)執業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)政(zheng)策的同時,加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)形成接(jie)(jie)續性管(guan)理(li)措施(shi),引導會(hui)(hui)計(ji)師(shi)(shi)事(shi)務(wu)所(suo)根據自身規模、能力和專長承(cheng)接(jie)(jie)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu),推動改革平(ping)穩有(you)序實(shi)(shi)施(shi)。總的考慮是:堅持質量優(you)先,做強做優(you),樹立質量優(you)先導向,加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)推動形成市場(chang)擇優(you)的體(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi),引導要(yao)素資源等向優(you)質會(hui)(hui)計(ji)師(shi)(shi)事(shi)務(wu)所(suo)聚集,促進注冊(ce)會(hui)(hui)計(ji)師(shi)(shi)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展壯大(da);堅持突出重點,統一規則(ze),以上市公(gong)司、國有(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)及金融企業(ye)(ye)(ye)等公(gong)眾利(li)益實(shi)(shi)體(ti)審計(ji)作為監管(guan)重點,完善執業(ye)(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)體(ti)系,維(wei)護國家統一審計(ji)準(zhun)則(ze)的嚴肅性,促進形成規范統一的審計(ji)市場(chang)。
三、請介紹《實施意見》的主要內容。
答:《實(shi)施意見》突出行(xing)業監管(guan)的系統性協同性,運用(yong)(yong)行(xing)政監管(guan)、市(shi)場約束(shu)、行(xing)業自律、信用(yong)(yong)建設等多(duo)種(zhong)方式(shi)手段,推出了10項政策措施,強化市(shi)場約束(shu),增強企業責(ze)任,加大(da)監管(guan)力(li)度,加強會計(ji)師事務所執(zhi)業管(guan)理,促進注冊(ce)會計(ji)師行(xing)業在(zai)公(gong)平競(jing)爭(zheng)中、在(zai)嚴格監管(guan)中實(shi)現高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)。
一是(shi)完善會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理政策(ce),對(dui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)從事(shi)(shi)(shi)證券服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實行(xing)(xing)備案(an)管(guan)理,充分運用現有(you)規章制度,突出服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)能力和(he)執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)質量(liang)(liang),促進(jin)形(xing)成(cheng)科學有(you)序的(de)管(guan)理格局(ju)。二是(shi)逐步推(tui)動(dong)(dong)開展會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)質量(liang)(liang)評估,鮮明(ming)樹(shu)立質量(liang)(liang)優先發(fa)展導向(xiang),進(jin)一步推(tui)動(dong)(dong)大(da)型會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)做強(qiang)做優,促進(jin)中(zhong)小(xiao)型會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)做精(jing)做專,形(xing)成(cheng)大(da)中(zhong)小(xiao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)協同(tong)發(fa)展的(de)格局(ju)。三是(shi)深化(hua)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)符(fu)合執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)許(xu)可條件監督,督促會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)不斷保持和(he)提升(sheng)執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)能力。四是(shi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)監測和(he)管(guan)理,及(ji)時共(gong)享(xiang)有(you)關信(xin)息(xi)(xi)。五(wu)是(shi)加(jia)(jia)大(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)披露力度,滿足企業(ye)(ye)選聘(pin)(pin)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)需求,自覺接(jie)受社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)公眾監督。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)注(zhu)冊(ce)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)誠信(xin)體系(xi)建設,研究推(tui)動(dong)(dong)對(dui)執(zhi)業(ye)(ye)失信(xin)行(xing)(xing)為的(de)聯(lian)合懲戒。六是(shi)強(qiang)化(hua)企業(ye)(ye)在選聘(pin)(pin)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)中(zhong)的(de)責任,企業(ye)(ye)應當有(you)效(xiao)發(fa)揮股(gu)東大(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、董事(shi)(shi)(shi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)及(ji)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、監事(shi)(shi)(shi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)在選聘(pin)(pin)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)中(zhong)的(de)作用。七是(shi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)注(zhu)冊(ce)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)自律(lv),維護行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)良好有(you)序的(de)競爭環境。八是(shi)加(jia)(jia)大(da)對(dui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)監督檢查(cha)(cha)力度,加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)監督檢查(cha)(cha)工作的(de)協同(tong)和(he)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)共(gong)享(xiang)。九是(shi)對(dui)負(fu)有(you)責任的(de)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)及(ji)相關責任人,嚴格處罰措施(shi)。十(shi)是(shi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)主管(guan)部門與其他(ta)監管(guan)部門的(de)協同(tong),強(qiang)化(hua)聯(lian)動(dong)(dong),形(xing)成(cheng)合力,共(gong)同(tong)促進(jin)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)質量(liang)(liang)提升(sheng)。
四、《實施意見》將如何加強組織實施?
答(da):一是(shi)明確(que)(que)工(gong)作(zuo)任務分工(gong),確(que)(que)定時(shi)間表(biao)、路線圖(tu)。細化(hua)《實(shi)(shi)施意(yi)(yi)見》中的每一項措(cuo)施,形(xing)成(cheng)具(ju)體的重點工(gong)作(zuo)任務,明確(que)(que)職(zhi)責分工(gong),加(jia)快形(xing)成(cheng)配套措(cuo)施的具(ju)體細則,以確(que)(que)保(bao)《實(shi)(shi)施意(yi)(yi)見》得到有效實(shi)(shi)施。
二(er)是加強(qiang)部(bu)門(men)(men)協同(tong)配合。進一步理順財政部(bu)門(men)(men)作為注(zhu)冊(ce)會計(ji)師行業主管部(bu)門(men)(men)同(tong)國資、銀保監等部(bu)門(men)(men)的(de)關系(xi),形成協調(diao)協同(tong)工作格局。財政部(bu)門(men)(men)及(ji)時完善(shan)審計(ji)準則等執(zhi)業規則,及(ji)時了解其他監管部(bu)門(men)(men)對審計(ji)質量(liang)的(de)需(xu)(xu)求,指導和(he)監督會計(ji)師事務所提高(gao)審計(ji)質量(liang),有效滿足相關需(xu)(xu)求。
三是切(qie)實(shi)抓好(hao)貫(guan)徹落實(shi)。各(ge)地(di)財政、國資等部門和銀保監會(hui)派出機構應(ying)(ying)當提高(gao)對加強會(hui)計師事務所(suo)執業管理(li)與提高(gao)審(shen)計質量的認識,按照職責(ze)分工(gong),加強協同配(pei)合(he),抓好(hao)工(gong)作落實(shi)。應(ying)(ying)當密(mi)切(qie)關(guan)注實(shi)施過程中的問題(ti),及時研究解決方(fang)案,積極(ji)穩妥地(di)推進相關(guan)工(gong)作。
【責任編輯:語謙】