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國務院國資委近日印發《中(zhong)央企業(ye)工資總額管理(li)辦法》（國資委令第39號(hao)，以下簡(jian)稱(cheng)《辦法》）。

《辦法》以(yi)習(xi)近平(ping)新時代中國(guo)特色社會主義思想(xiang)為指引(yin)，以(yi)建立健全(quan)與勞動(dong)力(li)市(shi)場基本適應、與企(qi)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益和(he)(he)(he)勞動(dong)生產率掛鉤的工資決定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)正常增(zeng)長機(ji)制，增(zeng)強企(qi)業(ye)(ye)活力(li)和(he)(he)(he)動(dong)力(li)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)實現(xian)高質量(liang)發(fa)展，推動(dong)國(guo)有資本做(zuo)強做(zuo)優做(zuo)大(da)為目標，以(yi)出資人管資本為主強化激勵約束(shu)建設為遵循(xun)，按照《國(guo)務院關于改革(ge)國(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工資決定(ding)機(ji)制的意(yi)見》（國(guo)發(fa)〔2018〕16號(hao)，以(yi)下簡稱《意(yi)見》）精神，在繼承以(yi)往有效(xiao)經(jing)驗和(he)(he)(he)做(zuo)法的基礎上，對現(xian)行中央企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工資總額(e)管理相關制度辦法進(jin)(jin)行修改和(he)(he)(he)完(wan)善。

《辦(ban)法(fa)》明確對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工資總(zong)額(e)實行(xing)分類管理(li)。對(dui)(dui)主業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處于(yu)(yu)充分競爭行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和領域的(de)(de)(de)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工資總(zong)額(e)預(yu)算原則(ze)上全(quan)部實行(xing)備案制(zhi)管理(li)，由企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)董事(shi)會在依(yi)法(fa)依(yi)規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下，自主決定年度工資總(zong)額(e)預(yu)算，國資委由事(shi)前核準(zhun)轉(zhuan)變為事(shi)前引導(dao)、事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)監測和事(shi)后監督；對(dui)(dui)主業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處于(yu)(yu)關系國家安全(quan)、國民經濟(ji)命脈的(de)(de)(de)重要行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和關鍵領域、主要承擔(dan)重大專項任務的(de)(de)(de)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和以(yi)提(ti)供公(gong)(gong)共產品或服務為主的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)益類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，工資總(zong)額(e)預(yu)算繼續實行(xing)核準(zhun)制(zhi)管理(li)；對(dui)(dui)開展國有資本投資、運營公(gong)(gong)司(si)或者混合所(suo)有制(zhi)改革等(deng)試點的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，提(ti)出可以(yi)探(tan)索實行(xing)更加靈(ling)活高(gao)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)工資總(zong)額(e)管理(li)方(fang)式。

《辦(ban)法》明確對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)業工資(zi)總(zong)額實(shi)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)級管(guan)理(li)。按照《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央 國(guo)務(wu)(wu)院關(guan)(guan)于深化國(guo)有企(qi)業改革的指導意(yi)見(jian)》（中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)〔2015〕22號，以下簡稱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)22號文件）、《國(guo)務(wu)(wu)院辦(ban)公廳(ting)關(guan)(guan)于轉(zhuan)發(fa)國(guo)務(wu)(wu)院國(guo)資(zi)委(wei)以管(guan)資(zi)本為主推進(jin)職(zhi)能轉(zhuan)變方案的通(tong)知》（國(guo)辦(ban)發(fa)〔2017〕38號）要求，結合當前(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)業工資(zi)總(zong)額管(guan)理(li)實(shi)際(ji)，強調中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)業工資(zi)總(zong)額實(shi)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)級管(guan)理(li)體制，國(guo)資(zi)委(wei)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)業權責(ze)清(qing)晰、各司(si)其職(zhi)，國(guo)資(zi)委(wei)負責(ze)管(guan)制度、管(guan)總(zong)量、管(guan)監督，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央企(qi)業負責(ze)管(guan)內部自主分(fen)配、管(guan)預(yu)算分(fen)解落實(shi)、管(guan)具(ju)體操作執行(xing)(xing)。

《辦(ban)法(fa)》緊緊圍(wei)繞中(zhong)發22號文件和(he)《意(yi)見》關于“建立健全與(yu)(yu)勞動力(li)市場基本適(shi)(shi)應、與(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟效益和(he)勞動生(sheng)產率(lv)掛鉤(gou)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)和(he)正常增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長機制”的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，明(ming)確規定(ding)(ding)中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預算(suan)主要(yao)按照效益決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)、效率(lv)調(diao)整(zheng)、水平調(diao)控三個(ge)環節決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)。一是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)預算(suan)與(yu)(yu)利潤總(zong)(zong)額(e)等(deng)經(jing)濟效益指標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)績(ji)考核目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)值掛鉤(gou)，并且根(gen)據目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)值的(de)(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)程(cheng)度確定(ding)(ding)不同的(de)(de)(de)預算(suan)水平，引導中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)通過(guo)(guo)完成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量發展目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)，帶動職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)合理有(you)序增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長。二(er)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長還應當通過(guo)(guo)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本投入(ru)產出效率(lv)、勞動生(sheng)產率(lv)等(deng)指標(biao)(biao)對標(biao)(biao)進(jin)行(xing)調(diao)整(zheng)，進(jin)一步協調(diao)不同效率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)之間工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)分(fen)配關系，提高(gao)(gao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)總(zong)(zong)額(e)決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)機制的(de)(de)(de)科學性與(yu)(yu)有(you)效性。三是(shi)(shi)注重(zhong)收入(ru)分(fen)配公平，國資(zi)委將(jiang)按照國家有(you)關部(bu)門發布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)指導線和(he)對非(fei)競(jing)爭類國有(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)調(diao)控要(yao)求，對部(bu)分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)水平偏(pian)高(gao)(gao)、過(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)主業(ye)(ye)(ye)不屬于充分(fen)競(jing)爭行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)領域的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長過(guo)(guo)快的(de)(de)(de)情況進(jin)行(xing)適(shi)(shi)當約束，確保企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)水平與(yu)(yu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長幅度更加(jia)公平合理、規范有(you)序。同時，對中(zhong)央企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)承擔(dan)重(zhong)大專項任務、重(zhong)大科技創新項目(mu)(mu)等(deng)特(te)殊事(shi)項的(de)(de)(de)，《辦(ban)法(fa)》也明(ming)確將(jiang)予以適(shi)(shi)度支持。

《辦法》在從宏觀層面完(wan)善國家、企業(ye)和職工(gong)三(san)者(zhe)工(gong)資(zi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配關(guan)系，加大出(chu)資(zi)人(ren)向中央(yang)企業(ye)董事會授權的(de)同時，也同步(bu)對責(ze)任落實(shi)(shi)和制度配套進行了規定。一是強(qiang)(qiang)調企業(ye)作為內(nei)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)配的(de)責(ze)任主體(ti)，應當持續深化內(nei)部三(san)項制度改革，構建企業(ye)內(nei)部管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員能上能下、員工(gong)能進能出(chu)、收(shou)入(ru)能增(zeng)能減(jian)的(de)市場化勞動用工(gong)和收(shou)入(ru)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配管(guan)理(li)機制，切實(shi)(shi)承擔起搞(gao)好、搞(gao)活企業(ye)內(nei)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)配的(de)職責(ze)。二是加強(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)督(du)(du)檢(jian)查(cha)，明(ming)確界定企業(ye)違規責(ze)任，并將企業(ye)工(gong)資(zi)總額管(guan)理(li)情況納(na)入(ru)各項監(jian)督(du)(du)檢(jian)查(cha)范圍，與審(shen)計(ji)、巡視(shi)等工(gong)作形成合力，確保(bao)實(shi)(shi)現權責(ze)對等，監(jian)管(guan)到位。

【責任編輯：李瑛】